Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; djupintervall 0 - 146 m (Ref. 2850), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 13°C - 22°C (Ref. 131086); 41°N - 27°N, 125°W - 114°W
Eastern Pacific: Redding Rock in northern California, USA to central Baja California, Mexico.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 35.6, range 32 - 39 cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2850); publicerad maxvikt: 1.6 kg (Ref. 40637); rapporterad maxålder: 30 år (Ref. 56049)
Short description
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 12 - 13; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 15 - 17; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 8 - 10; Ryggkotor: 26. Branchiostegal rays: 7 (Ref. 36715).
Sometimes found well off bottom, in or near kelp or over rocky reefs (Ref. 2850). Juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 36715). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12 - 19.1, mean 15.1 °C (based on 14 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00489 - 0.01552), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (tm=5; tmax=30; K=0.22-0.28; Fec=71,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.3 [5.6, 49.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.368 [0.142, 0.932] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.4, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.433 [0.166, 1.110] g/100g; Selenium = 44.1 [15.2, 143.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 67.9 [24.9, 190.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.415 [0.208, 0.831] mg/100g (wet weight);
