分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Professor Carl Levitt (Leavitt) Hubbs (1894–1979) was a giant of American ichthyology. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 50 - 800 m (Ref. 9715), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 1371). 温带; 20°S - 56°S, 69°W - 40°W (Ref. 58452)
Southwest Atlantic: off southern Brazil to Argentina and the Falkland Islands up to 54°S (Ref. 47377).
西南大西洋: 巴西南部外海到阿根廷与福克兰群岛向上到 54个 °S 。 (参考文献 47377)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 30.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 95.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length :60 cm TL (female); 最大年龄: 6 年 (Ref. 83871)
背棘 (总数) : 1; 背的软条 (总数) : 43 - 52; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 36 - 41; 脊椎骨: 50 - 53. Gill rakers short and thick with blunt tips. Pectoral fins relatively short, not reaching level of anal fin origin. Color is silvery with golden luster on back, silvery white on belly (Ref. 1371).
鳃耙短与厚的与钝的顶端。 胸鳍相当短的, 不达到臀鳍起源的程度。 色彩是银色的有金的光彩背面, 银白色在腹面上.(参考文献 1371)
Adults inhabit continental shelf depths mainly between 100 and 200 m (Ref. 1371). Larger individuals feed on fish (anchovies, hake, nototheniids, myctophids and Southern blue whitings), squids and macrozooplankton (euphausiids and amphipods); smaller individuals feed on mysids and amphipods (Ref. 1371). Migrate inshore during spring and summer, and offshore into deep water wintering areas after spawning; also undertake diel vertical migrations (Ref. 1371). Sold fresh and frozen.
在 100 与 200 公尺之间主要地栖息于大陆架深度。 (参考文献 1371) 较大的个体吃鱼 ( 鱼，鳕鱼， nototheniids, 灯笼鱼科鱼类与南方蓝色的牙鳕) ，乌贼与大型浮游动物 (磷虾与片脚类动物); 较小的个体吃糠虾与片脚类动物。 (参考文献 1371) 回游沿海地区在春天与夏天期间, 而且离岸进入在产卵之后冬天区域的深水域; 也进行日周期性的垂直性回游。 (参考文献 1371) 生鲜贩卖了与冷冻的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
An indeterminate batch spawner.西南大西洋: 巴西南部外海到阿根廷与福克兰群岛向上到 54个 °S 。 (参考文献 47377)
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.5 - 18, mean 6.3 °C (based on 214 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00402 - 0.00570), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.13-0.19; tm=6).
Prior r = 0.42, 95% CL = 0.27 - 0.62, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.82 [4.21, 23.00] mg/100g; Iron = 0.186 [0.070, 0.427] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [16, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.148, 0.389] g/100g; Selenium = 31.6 [14.8, 68.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.8 [6.1, 78.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.308 [0.217, 0.436] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
