Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Mức độ sâu 30 - 358 m (Ref. 130591), usually 30 - 50 m (Ref. 27115). Subtropical; 16°C - 22°C (Ref. 27115); 43°N - 22°S, 35°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean and Portugal to Angola, including the Azores. Range reported to extend south to northern Namibia (Ref. 27121).
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 3397); common length : 15.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 3397)
Lives amongst rocks, gravel, coral (Ref. 2683) and in submarine caves on the continental shelf and upper slope. Nocturnal. Adults feed on crustaceans and small fishes. Protogynous.
Protogyny is unconfirmed for this species (Ref. 103751).
Tortonese, E., 1986. Serranidae. p. 780-792. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 5506)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại; cá để chơi: đúng; Bể nuôi cá: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.4 - 24.9, mean 18.3 °C (based on 72 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00513 - 0.02236), b=2.93 (2.75 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.9 [14.3, 73.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.549 [0.275, 0.994] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.292 [0.167, 0.491] g/100g; Selenium = 19.2 [8.9, 36.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 73.2 [22.6, 273.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.781 [0.499, 1.213] mg/100g (wet weight);
