Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển; Nước ngọt; Thuộc về nước lợ. Subtropical; 27°S - 35°S
Southeast Atlantic: restricted from Lüderitz, Namibia to northern Natal, South Africa.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 4.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 7248)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 6 - 9; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 11 - 15; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 1; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 15 - 18. Body silvery and translucent with a midlateral band; dusky upper surface (Ref. 4125).
Forms schools along the coast and in estuaries, especially during spring (Ref. 3302). Also found in coastal lakes (Ref. 7248). Small individuals filter out small organisms such as phytoplankton and rotifers. Above 3.5 cm TL, it feeds mostly on crustaceans especially amphipods taken from the water column as well as off the bottom. Preyed upon by fishes and birds (Ref. 7248).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng
Skelton, P.H., 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Các nghề cá là sinh kế; mồi: usually
Các công cụ
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.3 - 23.9, mean 19.5 °C (based on 14 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00426 - 0.01415), b=3.14 (2.97 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).