Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の. Subtropical; 27°S - 35°S
Southeast Atlantic: restricted from Lüderitz, Namibia to northern Natal, South Africa.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 4.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 7248)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 6 - 9; 背鰭 (合計) : 11 - 15; 肛門の骨: 1; 臀鰭: 15 - 18. Body silvery and translucent with a midlateral band; dusky upper surface (Ref. 4125).
Forms schools along the coast and in estuaries, especially during spring (Ref. 3302). Also found in coastal lakes (Ref. 7248). Small individuals filter out small organisms such as phytoplankton and rotifers. Above 3.5 cm TL, it feeds mostly on crustaceans especially amphipods taken from the water column as well as off the bottom. Preyed upon by fishes and birds (Ref. 7248).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生
Skelton, P.H., 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248)
Human uses
水産業: 食糧水産; 餌: usually
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.3 - 23.9, mean 19.5 °C (based on 14 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00426 - 0.01415), b=3.14 (2.97 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
