Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 0 - 100 m (Ref. 5979), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). Tropical; 34°N - 25°S, 91°W - 5°E
Western Atlantic: Florida (USA), Bermuda, and the Bahamas to Brazil. Absent in Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: Ascension Island and the Gulf of Guinea (Ref. 5979).
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5979); common length : 35.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3275)
Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 92 - 99; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 71 - 76. Gray to brown with numerous circles, curved spots, and dots of light blue on head and body; fins with small light blue spots; two or three large diffuse blackish spots on straight portion of lateral line (Ref. 13442).
Inhabits clear sandy areas near mangroves, among seagrass, coral or rubble (Ref.9710). Most common flounder around coral reefs (Ref. 26938). Often partially buried in sand, occasionally on hard bottoms (Ref. 9710). Feeds mainly on small fishes but also on crustaceans and octopuses. Marketed fresh (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Aquarium: Kommerziell
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 368 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00567 - 0.01934), b=3.08 (2.92 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): sehr niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert mehr als 14 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.4 [14.1, 67.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.475 [0.216, 0.877] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.8, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.0843 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 35.7 [17.0, 81.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 109 [26, 452] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.739 [0.471, 1.122] mg/100g (wet weight);
