分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 5979), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). 熱帶; 34°N - 25°S, 91°W - 5°E
Western Atlantic: Florida (USA), Bermuda, and the Bahamas to Brazil. Absent in Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: Ascension Island and the Gulf of Guinea (Ref. 5979).
西大西洋: 佛羅里達 (美國) ，百慕達群島與巴哈馬到巴西。 不存在於墨西哥灣。 (參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 阿森松島與幾內亞灣.(參考文獻 5979)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5979); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3275)
背的軟條 (總數) : 92 - 99; 臀鰭軟條: 71 - 76. Gray to brown with numerous circles, curved spots, and dots of light blue on head and body; fins with small light blue spots; two or three large diffuse blackish spots on straight portion of lateral line (Ref. 13442).
灰色在頭部與身體上褐色的有淺藍色的很多的圓圈，彎曲的斑點與點; 鰭有小的淺藍色斑點; 在側線的直部分上的二或三個大的擴散黑色的斑點.(參考文獻 13442)
Inhabits clear sandy areas near mangroves, among seagrass, coral or rubble (Ref.9710). Most common flounder around coral reefs (Ref. 26938). Often partially buried in sand, occasionally on hard bottoms (Ref. 9710). Feeds mainly on small fishes but also on crustaceans and octopuses. Marketed fresh (Ref. 5217).
棲息於清澈的沙地紅樹林附近, 在海草，珊瑚或碎石之中。 (參考文獻 9710) 珊瑚礁的周圍最常見掙扎.(參考文獻 26938) 時常身體的一部分埋藏在沙子中, 偶然地在堅硬的底部上.(參考文獻 9710) 主要吃小魚也捕食甲殼動物與章魚。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 5217)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 佛羅里達 (美國) ，百慕達群島與巴哈馬到巴西。 不存在於墨西哥灣。 (參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 阿森松島與幾內亞灣.(參考文獻 5979)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 August 2012
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 368 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00567 - 0.01934), b=3.08 (2.92 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.4 [14.1, 67.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.475 [0.216, 0.877] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.8, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.0843 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 35.7 [17.0, 81.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 109 [26, 452] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.739 [0.471, 1.122] mg/100g (wet weight);
