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Beloniformes (Needle fishes) >
Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hyporhamphus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, rhamphos = beak, bill (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Monsieur Picart is said to have contributed natural history specimens from Cádiz, Spain, to the ‘King’s Cabinet’, but no further elaboration is made. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; salmastro benthopelagico; distribuzione batimetrica 0 - ? m. Subtropical; 37°N - 9°S, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: West to Gibraltar, Morocco and Dakar, Senegal to Luanda, Angola. Eastern Mediterranean: From Lebanon and Israel.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 26999); common length : 15.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 26999)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 13 - 16; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 13 - 17. Diagnosis: body elongate; lower jaw forming long, narrow beak; upper jaw short, triangular and scaled; scales on snout; well developed preorbital crest between eye and nasal pit; pelvics fin abdominal; dorsal and anal fins placed far back on body and spineless; caudal fin slightly forked (Ref. 57227).
Occurs in coastal waters. Often enters estuaries (Ref. 2683). Live on or near the bottom where it feeds on algae and organic debris which it gathers from the surface of the sediment (Ref. 5377). Forms schools. Attracted to lights at night. Eggs are attached to aquatic vegetation by sticky threads (Ref. 6730).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Collette, B.B. and N.V. Parin, 1990. Hemiramphidae. p. 579-582. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4497)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.4 - 27.9, mean 21.9 °C (based on 146 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00115 - 0.00574), b=3.09 (2.91 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
