Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 1 - 30 m (Ref. 48636). Tropical; 27°N - 30°S, 100°E - 155°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Pacific: Thailand, Hong Kong, and Taiwan to Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales) and eastward to the Solomon and Mariana Islands, including Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Palau. Adults often misidentified as Epinephelus macrospilos.
Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 29 - ? cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 5222)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 11; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 15 - 17; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: greatest depth of body 2.9-3.2 in SL; ctenoid scales on body except cycloid scales anterodorsally and ventrally; body with auxiliary scales; gill rakers 8-10 + 14-17; pectoral-fin length 1.5-1.7 times in head length; rounded caudal fin; short pelvic fins, 1.8-2.3 in head length. Colour pale grey (sometimes with diffused white blotches) with small, widely spread black spots smaller than pupil on head, body and fins; 3 dusky to blackish blotches on body at base of rear half of dorsal fin, the largest at base of last 2-3 spines; dusky to blackish saddle spot on caudal peduncle; juveniles with black-edged white spots on head and body (Ref. 39231, 90102).
Common in shallow silty coastal reefs, sometimes in estuarine areas. The ovary was well developed in an examined fish of 30 cm SL. Solitary or in small groups (Ref 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ການປະມົງແບບກຸ້ມຕົນເອງ
ເຄື່ອງມື
Special reports
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 29.2, mean 28.6 °C (based on 1883 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00568 - 0.02430), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30 [13, 62] mg/100g; Iron = 0.479 [0.257, 0.996] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.2, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.125 [0.077, 0.201] g/100g; Selenium = 28 [16, 51] μg/100g; VitaminA = 189 [47, 785] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.58 [1.05, 2.21] mg/100g (wet weight);
