分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 30 m (Ref. 48636). 熱帶; 27°N - 30°S, 100°E - 155°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Pacific: Thailand, Hong Kong, and Taiwan to Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales) and eastward to the Solomon and Mariana Islands, including Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Palau. Adults often misidentified as Epinephelus macrospilos.
西太平洋: 泰國，香港與台灣到澳洲 (西澳大利亞，北部地區, 昆士蘭省與新南威爾斯) 而且向東至所羅門群島與馬里亞納群島，包括印尼，新加坡，菲律賓，巴布亞新幾內亞與帛琉。 成魚時常被誤鑑成 大斑石斑魚〔Epinephelus macrospilos〕 。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 29 - ? cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: greatest depth of body 2.9-3.2 in SL; ctenoid scales on body except cycloid scales anterodorsally and ventrally; body with auxiliary scales; gill rakers 8-10 + 14-17; pectoral-fin length 1.5-1.7 times in head length; rounded caudal fin; short pelvic fins, 1.8-2.3 in head length. Colour pale grey (sometimes with diffused white blotches) with small, widely spread black spots smaller than pupil on head, body and fins; 3 dusky to blackish blotches on body at base of rear half of dorsal fin, the largest at base of last 2-3 spines; dusky to blackish saddle spot on caudal peduncle; juveniles with black-edged white spots on head and body (Ref. 39231, 90102).
頭部輪廓長且平; 斑點比另一個二更空隙大在一個給定的大小, 變成眾多而且隨著成長分開很遠.(參考文獻 37816) 非常近似 E. howlandi 與 E. macrospilos, 但是有更多的空隙大的斑點一之上淡的淺灰色的-綠色到褐色背景，一個較長的較平的頭部輪廓與更多的側線鱗片.(參考文獻 37816)
Common in shallow silty coastal reefs, sometimes in estuarine areas. The ovary was well developed in an examined fish of 30 cm SL. Solitary or in small groups (Ref 90102).
常見於水淺的淤泥礁, 有時在河口地區中。 卵巢在一個 30 公分 SL 的被調查的魚中是發展良好的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西太平洋: 泰國，香港與台灣到澳洲 (西澳大利亞，北部地區, 昆士蘭省與新南威爾斯) 而且向東至所羅門群島與馬里亞納群島，包括印尼，新加坡，菲律賓，巴布亞新幾內亞與帛琉。 成魚時常被誤鑑成 大斑石斑魚〔Epinephelus macrospilos〕 。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 29.2, mean 28.6 °C (based on 1883 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00568 - 0.02430), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30 [13, 62] mg/100g; Iron = 0.479 [0.257, 0.996] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.2, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.125 [0.077, 0.201] g/100g; Selenium = 28 [16, 51] μg/100g; VitaminA = 189 [47, 785] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.58 [1.05, 2.21] mg/100g (wet weight);
