Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 1 - 30 m (Ref. 48636). Tropical; 27°N - 30°S, 100°E - 155°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Pacific: Thailand, Hong Kong, and Taiwan to Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales) and eastward to the Solomon and Mariana Islands, including Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Palau. Adults often misidentified as Epinephelus macrospilos.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 29 - ? cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5222)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 11; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 15 - 17; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: greatest depth of body 2.9-3.2 in SL; ctenoid scales on body except cycloid scales anterodorsally and ventrally; body with auxiliary scales; gill rakers 8-10 + 14-17; pectoral-fin length 1.5-1.7 times in head length; rounded caudal fin; short pelvic fins, 1.8-2.3 in head length. Colour pale grey (sometimes with diffused white blotches) with small, widely spread black spots smaller than pupil on head, body and fins; 3 dusky to blackish blotches on body at base of rear half of dorsal fin, the largest at base of last 2-3 spines; dusky to blackish saddle spot on caudal peduncle; juveniles with black-edged white spots on head and body (Ref. 39231, 90102).
Common in shallow silty coastal reefs, sometimes in estuarine areas. The ovary was well developed in an examined fish of 30 cm SL. Solitary or in small groups (Ref 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: निर्वाह मात्स्यिकी
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 29.2, mean 28.6 °C (based on 1883 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00568 - 0.02430), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30 [13, 62] mg/100g; Iron = 0.479 [0.257, 0.996] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.2, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.125 [0.077, 0.201] g/100g; Selenium = 28 [16, 51] μg/100g; VitaminA = 189 [47, 785] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.58 [1.05, 2.21] mg/100g (wet weight);
