Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; standorttreu; tiefenbereich 0 - 20 m (Ref. 89972). Tropical; 32°N - 32°S, 32°E - 143°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Line and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island.
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9710); common length : 26.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9812)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 4 - 5; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 9 - 10; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8 - 10. Silvery in color, greenish olive above; pectoral fins pale yellow with purplish axillary spot, other fins grey (Ref. 4393).
Found in coastal waters, over sandy or muddy areas of lagoons, reef flats and tide pools; enters harbors (Ref. 9812). Schooling species, swim at various depths along reefs, to about 20 meters but usually much shallower. Feed on detritus containing algae and microscopic animals, by scooping up the upper layer of sand or mud and filtering through the gills (Ref. 48637). Omnivorous (Ref. 6113). Form large schools before spawning, at the beginning of the ebb tide (in June), over shallow, open areas of the lagoon slope (Ref. 9812). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Spawning occurs in large aggregations after dark. Marketed fresh (Ref. 9812). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 30874.
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 130160)
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Aquakultur: kommerziell; Köder: occasionally
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 29.3, mean 28.3 °C (based on 3397 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01013 - 0.02480), b=2.96 (2.84 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.3 ±0.10 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (Fec=195,000-897,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.7 [18.2, 140.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.585 [0.273, 1.350] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.1, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.172 [0.087, 0.355] g/100g; Selenium = 31.8 [16.7, 67.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 55 [14, 220] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.68 [1.09, 2.55] mg/100g (wet weight);
