Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской; солоноватоводный демерсальный; мигрирует в океане (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 1 - 100 m (Ref. 9830). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to the Philippines and Japan, south to New Guinea, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819), Australia, New Caledonia and Fiji.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm 93.2  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 559); common length : 150 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 2871); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 7.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0; позвонки: 128 - 141. Body robust and eel-shaped; snout long; eye diameter 3 times in snout length (Ref. 4832). Head narrower, interorbital width about 10 times in head; lateral-line pores before anus 33-39; dorsal-fin rays before anus 47-49 (Ref. 9830). Posterior nostrils only slightly nearer to eye than to anterior nostrils; mouth very large; teeth generally large and conspicuous (Ref. 4832).
Found in coastal waters, including estuaries; sublittoral above 100 m (Ref. 11230). Feeds on benthic fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 9830). Nocturnal. Known to attack fishers or anglers after being captured (Ref. 6590). Also caught by drift net and bag (dol) nets. Marketed mainly fresh. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 86942.
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
дополнительная информация
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.7 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 2108 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00204 (0.00124 - 0.00337), b=2.92 (2.77 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (Fec=17,475).
Prior r = 0.76, 95% CL = 0.50 - 1.14, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).