Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243). Tropical
Southeast Atlantic: known only from Mossel Bay and the Kosi Estuary in South Africa. Reported from Angola (Ref. 3468) and Mozambique (Ref. 12484).
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 38.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 4393); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 3.1 kg (Ref. 4699)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 5; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 8; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 9.
Occur mainly in estuaries, congregating over mud-banks (Ref. 2830). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Omnivore (Ref. 97629). Fleshy highly esteemed (Ref. 4393).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.5 - 26.3, mean 24.9 °C (based on 34 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00822 - 0.02541), b=2.96 (2.81 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.16 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).