Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243). Tropical
Southeast Atlantic: known only from Mossel Bay and the Kosi Estuary in South Africa. Reported from Angola (Ref. 3468) and Mozambique (Ref. 12484).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 38.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4393); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 3.1 kg (Ref. 4699)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 5; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 9.
Occur mainly in estuaries, congregating over mud-banks (Ref. 2830). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Omnivore (Ref. 97629). Fleshy highly esteemed (Ref. 4393).
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.5 - 26.3, mean 24.9 °C (based on 34 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00822 - 0.02541), b=2.96 (2.81 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.16 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).