分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243).
Southeast Atlantic: known only from Mossel Bay and the Kosi Estuary in South Africa. Reported from Angola (Ref. 3468) and Mozambique (Ref. 12484).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 38.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4393); 最大體重: 3.1 kg (Ref. 4699)
背棘 (總數) : 5; 背的軟條 (總數) : 8; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9.
Occur mainly in estuaries, congregating over mud-banks (Ref. 2830). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Omnivore (Ref. 97629). Fleshy highly esteemed (Ref. 4393).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.5 - 26.3, mean 24.9 °C (based on 34 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00822 - 0.02541), b=2.96 (2.81 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.16 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
