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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Hippoglossus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335); stenolepis: From the Greek hippos (horse), glossa (tounge), steno (narrow), lepis, (scale). In 1904, a Russian scientist by the name of P.J. Schmidt first proposed the scientific name based on anatomical differences such as scale shape, pectoral fin length, and body shape which he thought distinguished it from the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). (Ref. 94075).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री ड़िमरसल; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 0 - 1200 m (Ref. 50550). Temperate; 73°N - 42°N, 138°E - 123°W (Ref. 54557)
North Pacific: Hokkaido, Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk to the southern Chukchi Sea and Point Camalu, Baja California, Mexico.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 258 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 40637); 267.0 cm TL (female); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 363.0 kg (Ref. ); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 55 वर्षो (Ref. 55701)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 90 - 106; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 69 - 80; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 49 - 51. Dorsal origin above anterior part of pupil in upper eye, generally low, higher in middle. Caudal spread and slightly lunate. Pectorals small.
Found on various types of bottoms (Ref. 2850). Young are found near shore, moving out to deeper waters as they grow older (Ref. 6885). Older individuals typically move from deeper water along the edge of the continental shelf where they spend the winter, to shallow coastal water (27-274 m) for the summer (Ref. 28499). Feed on fishes, crabs, clams, squids, and other invertebrates (Ref. 6885). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: उच्च वाणिज्य; आखेट मत्स्य: हां; जलजीवालय: सार्वजनिक लजीवालय
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.3 - 5.7, mean 1.6 °C (based on 454 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00400 - 0.00995), b=3.14 (3.00 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (rm=0.2; K=0.05; tm=5-20; tmax=55).
Prior r = 0.11, 95% CL = 0.07 - 0.17, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.89 [2.92, 21.69] mg/100g; Iron = 0.202 [0.078, 0.561] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.391 [0.169, 0.895] g/100g; Selenium = 42.3 [14.7, 110.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.8 [2.5, 41.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.412 [0.179, 0.699] mg/100g (wet weight);
