Family Pleuronectidae - Righteye flounders
Order : Pleuronectiformes Pleuronectidae Pleuronectidae
Class : Teleostei
No. in FishBase : Genera : 25 | Species : 62 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
Environment : Fresh : Yes | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes
Division : Marine
Aquarium : none
First Fossil Record : lower   Tertiary     Eocene Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958
Remark : Chiefly marine; occasionally brackish; rare in freshwater. Distribution: Arctic, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Both eyes normally on the right side. Preoperculum with a free margin. Fins without spines. Dorsal fin extends on head. Swimbladder absent in adults. The pigmented side is capable of remarable color changes in order to match the bottom. Predators of benthic invertebrates and fishes. Pelagic spawners. Eggs without oil globule in yolk. Benthic, from a few to more than 1,000 m. Almost all species important to fisheries. Cooper and Chapleau (1998; Ref. 30193) exclude the subfamilies Poecilopsettinae, Rhombosoleinae, and Paralichthodinae.
Etymology : Greek, pleura = side, ribe + Greek, nekton = swimmer
Reproductive guild : nonguarders
Typical activity level : normal
Main Ref. : Nelson, J.S. 1994
Coordinator : Nelson, J.S. 1994
Deep Fin Classification : Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Carangaria | | | Pleuronectiformes | Pleuronectoidei | | Pleuronectidae

Show species images | Show valid names | Nominal species list | Identification keys | CAS specimen photos | References

Ref.
[ e.g. 9948 ]
Glossary
[ e.g. oophagy ]


Species/Synonymy list for the family Pleuronectidae as currently in FishBase

Important recommendation:

The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.

Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.

But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.

Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.

This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).

The list ordered as follows:

Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.

Show all | Show only accepted name | Show only accepted and original names
Scientifc name Status Senior/Junior synonym Combination
Pleuronectinae
Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758
acceptedseniororiginal
Platessa platessa (Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymseniornew
! Pleuronectes platessus Linnaeus, 1758
synonymseniororiginal
Platessa vulgaris Cloquet, 1826
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Platessa latus Cuvier, 1829
synonymjuniororiginal
Pleuronectes latus (Cuvier, 1829)
synonymjuniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Pleuronectes pallasii Steindachner, 1879
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymseniorchange in rank
! Hypoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780)
synonymseniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
acceptedseniororiginal
Hippoglossoides robustus Gill & Townsend, 1897
acceptedseniororiginal
Hippoglossoides hamiltoni Jordan & Gilbert, 1898
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes limanda Linnaeus, 1758
synonymseniororiginal
Liopsetta limanda (Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymseniornew
Pleuronectes limandula Bonnaterre, 1788
synonymjuniororiginal
Limanda vulgaris Gottsche, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
Limanda oceanica Bonaparte, 1846
synonymjuniororiginal
Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1814)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes asper Pallas, 1814
synonymseniororiginal
Limanda asprella Hubbs, 1915
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
Limanda korigarei Hubbs, 1915
synonymjuniororiginal
Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854
acceptedseniororiginal
Pleuronectes vetulus (Girard, 1854)
synonymseniornew
! Parophrys vetula Girard, 1854
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Pleuronectes digrammus Günther, 1862
synonymjuniororiginal
Parophrys ischyrus Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
synonymotheroriginal
Inopsetta ischyra (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
synonymothernew
Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1787)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
Platichthys rugosus Girard, 1854
synonymjuniororiginal
Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes flesus Linnaeus, 1758
synonymseniororiginal
Platichthys flesus flesus (Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymseniornew
Pleuronectes passer Linnaeus, 1758
synonymjuniororiginal
Pleuronectes flesoides Pontoppidan, 1766
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Pleuronectes luscus Pallas, 1814
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Platichthys luscus (Pallas, 1814)
synonymjuniornew
synonymjuniorchange in rank
Platessa carnaria Brown, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Platessa glabra Rathke, 1837
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Pleuronectes italicus Günther, 1862
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Pleuronectes bogdanovii Sandeberg, 1878
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Flesus vulgaris Moreau, 1881
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
synonymotheroriginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Platichthys bicoloratus (Basilewsky, 1855)
acceptedseniornew
Platessa bicolorata Basilewsky, 1855
synonymseniororiginal
Kareius bicoloratus (Basilewsky, 1855)
synonymseniornew
Pleuronectes scutifer Steindachner, 1870
synonymjuniororiginal
Platichthys solemdali Momigliano, Denys, Jokinen & Merilä, 2018
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymotheroriginal
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymseniororiginal
Myzopsetta ferruginea (Storer, 1839)
acceptedseniornew
Platessa ferruginea Storer, 1839
synonymseniororiginal
Limanda ferruginea (Storer, 1839)
synonymseniornew
synonymseniornew
! Pleuronectes ferruginaeus (Storer, 1839)
synonymseniornew
! Pleuronectes ferruginea (Storer, 1839)
synonymseniornew
Myzopsetta punctatissima (Steindachner, 1879)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Limanda punctatissima (Steindachner, 1879)
synonymseniornew
Pleuronectes punctatissimus (Steindachner, 1879)
synonymseniornew
! Limanda punctatissimus (Steindachner, 1879)
synonymseniornew
! Myzopsetta punctatissimus (Steindachner, 1879)
synonymseniornew
Limanda iridorum Jordan & Starks, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
Myzopsetta proboscidea (Gilbert, 1896)
acceptedseniornew
Limanda proboscidea Gilbert, 1896
synonymseniororiginal
Pleuronectes proboscidea (Gilbert, 1896)
synonymseniornew
! Pleuronectes proboscideus (Gilbert, 1896)
synonymseniornew
acceptedseniornew
Platessa bilineata Ayres, 1855
synonymseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
ambiguousothernew
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymseniorchange in rank
synonymseniornew
Lepidopsetta polyxystra Orr & Matarese, 2000
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Pleuronectes planus Mitchill, 1814
synonymjuniororiginal
Platessa pusilla DeKay, 1842
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes yokohamae Günther, 1877
synonymseniororiginal
Limanda yokohamae (Günther, 1877)
synonymseniornew
! Limanada yokohamae (Günther, 1877)
synonymseniornew
Pseudopleuronectes obscurus (Herzenstein, 1890)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes obscurus Herzenstein, 1890
synonymseniororiginal
Liopsetta obscura (Herzenstein, 1890)
synonymseniornew
! Liopsetta obscurus (Herzenstein, 1890)
synonymseniornew
Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini (Jordan & Snyder, 1901)
acceptedseniornew
Limanda herzensteini Jordan & Snyder, 1901
synonymseniororiginal
Pleuronectes herzensteini (Jordan & Snyder, 1901)
synonymseniornew
Pleuronectes japonicus Herzenstein, 1890
synonymjuniororiginal
Limanda angustirostris Jordan & Starks, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
Limanda schrenki Schmidt, 1904
synonymseniororiginal
Pleuronectes schrenki (Schmidt, 1904)
synonymseniornew
Liopsetta glacialis (Pallas, 1776)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Platessa dwinensis Lilljeborg, 1851
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Liopsetta putnami (Gill, 1864)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Limanda putnami (Gill, 1864)
synonymseniornew
synonymseniornew
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington, 1880)
acceptedseniornew
Lepidopsetta isolepis Lockington, 1880
synonymseniororiginal
Pleuronectes isolepis (Lockington, 1880)
synonymseniornew
acceptedseniororiginal
Cleisthenes pinetorum Jordan & Starks, 1904
acceptedseniororiginal
Hippoglossoides pinetorum (Jordan & Starks, 1904)
synonymseniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
Cleisthenes herzensteini (Schmidt, 1904)
synonymjuniornew
synonymjuniornew
Dexistes rikuzenius Jordan & Starks, 1904
acceptedseniororiginal
Araias ariommus Jordan & Starks, 1904
synonymjuniororiginal
Atheresthinae
Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
acceptedseniornew
Platysomatichthys stomias Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
synonymseniororiginal
Reinhardtius stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
synonymseniornew
Eopsetta exilis (non Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
misappliedmisappliednew
Atheresthes evermanni Jordan & Starks, 1904
acceptedseniororiginal
Reinhardtius evermanni (Jordan & Starks, 1904)
synonymseniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
Hippoglossinae
Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Hippoglossus vulgaris Fleming, 1828
ambiguousotheroriginal
Hippoglossus maximus Gottsche, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
Hippoglossus gigas Swainson, 1839
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Pleuronectes pinguis Fabricius, 1824
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
Reinhardtius matsuurae Jordan & Snyder, 1901
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniorchange in rank
Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
acceptedseniornew
Platessa asperrima Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
synonymseniororiginal
Eopsetta jordani (Lockington, 1879)
acceptedseniornew
Hippoglossoides jordani Lockington, 1879
synonymseniororiginal
! Eopsetia jordani (Lockington, 1879)
synonymseniornew
Eopsetta grigorjewi (Herzenstein, 1890)
acceptedseniornew
Hippoglossus grigorjewi Herzenstein, 1890
synonymseniororiginal
Verasper otakii Jordan & Snyder, 1900
synonymjuniororiginal
Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
acceptedseniornew
Hippoglossoides exilis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
synonymseniororiginal
Eopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
synonymseniornew
Verasper moseri Jordan & Gilbert, 1898
acceptedseniororiginal
! Verasper moser Jordan & Gilbert, 1898
synonymseniororiginal
Verasper variegatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
acceptedseniornew
Platessa variegata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
synonymseniororiginal
Microstominae
Microstomus kitt (Walbaum, 1792)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes kitt Walbaum, 1792
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Platessa pola Cuvier, 1829
synonymjuniororiginal
Microstomus latidens Gottsche, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
Pleuronectes gilli Steindachner, 1868
synonymjuniororiginal
Microstomus pacificus (Lockington, 1879)
acceptedseniornew
Glyptocephalus pacificus Lockington, 1879
synonymseniororiginal
Microstomus bathybius (Gilbert, 1890)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Embassichthys bathybius (Gilbert, 1890)
synonymseniornew
Microstomus achne (Jordan & Starks, 1904)
acceptedseniornew
Veraequa achne Jordan & Starks, 1904
synonymseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Platessa elongata Yarrell, 1839
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington, 1879
acceptedseniororiginal
Errex zachirus (Lockington, 1879)
synonymseniornew
Glyptocephalus kitaharae (Jordan & Starks, 1904)
acceptedseniornew
Microstomus kitaharae Jordan & Starks, 1904
synonymseniororiginal
Tanakius kitaharae (Jordan & Starks, 1904)
synonymseniornew
Tanakius kitaharai (Jordan & Starks, 1904)
synonymseniornew
! Glyptocephalus kitaharai (Jordan & Starks, 1904)
synonymseniornew
Glyptocephalus stelleri (Schmidt, 1904)
acceptedseniornew
Microstomus stelleri Schmidt, 1904
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Pleuronichthyinae
acceptedseniororiginal
Pleuronichthys nephelus Starks & Thompson, 1910
synonymjuniororiginal
Pleuronichthys cornutus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronichthys sp. Not applicable
synonymotherother
Platessa cornuta Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
synonymseniororiginal
Pleuronectes cornutus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
synonymseniornew
Pleuronichthys japonicus Suzuki, Kawashima & Nakabo, 2009
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Hypsopsetta guttulata (Girard, 1856)
synonymseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Parophrys ayresii Günther, 1862
synonymjuniororiginal
Pleuronichthys verticalis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
acceptedseniororiginal
Pleuronichthys decurrens Jordan & Gilbert, 1881
acceptedseniororiginal
Pleuronichthys ritteri Starks & Morris, 1907
acceptedseniororiginal
Pleuronichthys ocellatus Starks & Thompson, 1910
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Pleuronichthys sp. Not applicable
synonymotherother
Parophrys cornuta (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
misappliedmisappliednew
Platessa cornuta (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Pleuronichthys cornutus (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
misappliedmisappliednew
acceptedseniororiginal
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