Family Pleuronectidae - Righteye flounders | ||||
Order | : | Pleuronectiformes | ||
Class | : | Teleostei | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 25 | Species : 62 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : Yes | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
Division | : | Marine | ||
Aquarium | : | none | ||
First Fossil Record | : | lower Tertiary Eocene | Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark | : | Chiefly marine; occasionally brackish; rare in freshwater. Distribution: Arctic, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Both eyes normally on the right side. Preoperculum with a free margin. Fins without spines. Dorsal fin extends on head. Swimbladder absent in adults. The pigmented side is capable of remarable color changes in order to match the bottom. Predators of benthic invertebrates and fishes. Pelagic spawners. Eggs without oil globule in yolk. Benthic, from a few to more than 1,000 m. Almost all species important to fisheries. Cooper and Chapleau (1998; Ref. 30193) exclude the subfamilies Poecilopsettinae, Rhombosoleinae, and Paralichthodinae. | ||
Etymology | : | Greek, pleura = side, ribe + Greek, nekton = swimmer | ||
Reproductive guild | : | nonguarders | ||
Typical activity level | : | normal | ||
Main Ref. | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Coordinator | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Deep Fin Classification | : | Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Carangaria | | | Pleuronectiformes | Pleuronectoidei | | Pleuronectidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pleuronectinae | ||||
Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758 | accepted | senior | original | |
Platessa platessa (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Pleuronectes platessus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
Platessa vulgaris Cloquet, 1826 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes borealis Faber, 1828 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platessa latus Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes latus (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pleuronectes platessa baltica Nilsson, 1855 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas, 1814 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes pallasii Steindachner, 1879 | synonym | junior | original | |
Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes platessoides Fabricius, 1780 | synonym | senior | original | |
Hippoglossoides platessoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780) | synonym | senior | change in rank | |
! Hypoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes limandoides Bloch, 1787 | synonym | junior | original | |
Hippoglossoides platessoides limandoides (Bloch, 1787) | synonym | junior | new | |
Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 | accepted | senior | original | |
Hippoglossoides robustus Gill & Townsend, 1897 | accepted | senior | original | |
Hippoglossoides hamiltoni Jordan & Gilbert, 1898 | synonym | junior | original | |
Hippoglossoides propinquus Hubbs, 1915 | synonym | junior | original | |
Hippoglossoides dubius Schmidt, 1904 | accepted | senior | original | |
Hippoglossoides katakurae Snyder, 1911 | synonym | junior | original | |
Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes limanda Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
Liopsetta limanda (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes limandula Bonnaterre, 1788 | synonym | junior | original | |
Limanda vulgaris Gottsche, 1835 | synonym | junior | original | |
Limanda oceanica Bonaparte, 1846 | synonym | junior | original | |
Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1814) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes asper Pallas, 1814 | synonym | senior | original | |
Limanda asprella Hubbs, 1915 | synonym | junior | original | |
Limanda sakhalinensis Hubbs, 1915 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes sakhalinensis (Hubbs, 1915) | synonym | senior | new | |
Limanda korigarei Hubbs, 1915 | synonym | junior | original | |
Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes vetulus (Girard, 1854) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Parophrys vetula Girard, 1854 | synonym | senior | original | |
Parophrys hubbardii Gill, 1862 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes digrammus Günther, 1862 | synonym | junior | original | |
Parophrys ischyrus Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 | synonym | other | original | |
Inopsetta ischyra (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) | synonym | other | new | |
Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1787) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes stellatus Pallas, 1787 | synonym | senior | original | |
Platichthys stellatus stellatus (Pallas, 1787) | synonym | senior | new | |
Platichthys rugosus Girard, 1854 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes flesus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
Platichthys flesus flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes passer Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes flesoides Pontoppidan, 1766 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes roseus Shaw, 1796 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes luscus Pallas, 1814 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platichthys flesus luscus (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | junior | new | |
Platichthys luscus (Pallas, 1814) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pleuronectes flesus luscus Pallas, 1814 | synonym | junior | change in rank | |
Platessa carnaria Brown, 1830 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platessa glabra Rathke, 1837 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platessa flesus var. marmorata Nordmann, 1840 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platichthys flesus var. marmorata (Nordmann, 1840) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pleuronectes italicus Günther, 1862 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platichthys flesus italicus (Günther, 1862) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pleuronectes bogdanovii Sandeberg, 1878 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platichthys flesus bogdanovi (Sandeberg, 1878) | synonym | junior | new | |
Flesus vulgaris Moreau, 1881 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes flesus leiurus Duncker, 1892 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes flesus trachurus Duncker, 1892 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platichthys flesus trachurus (Duncker, 1892) | synonym | junior | new | |
Pleuronectes flesus septentrionalis Surorov, 1925 | synonym | other | original | |
Pleuronectes flesus caninensis Suvorov, 1929 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes flesus septentrionalis Berg, 1932 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platichthys bicoloratus (Basilewsky, 1855) | accepted | senior | new | |
Platessa bicolorata Basilewsky, 1855 | synonym | senior | original | |
Kareius bicoloratus (Basilewsky, 1855) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes scutifer Steindachner, 1870 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platichthys solemdali Momigliano, Denys, Jokinen & Merilä, 2018 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes flesus baltica Suvorov, 1925 | synonym | other | original | |
Psettichthys melanostictus Girard, 1854 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Psettichthys melanosticus Girard, 1854 | synonym | senior | original | |
Myzopsetta ferruginea (Storer, 1839) | accepted | senior | new | |
Platessa ferruginea Storer, 1839 | synonym | senior | original | |
Limanda ferruginea (Storer, 1839) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes ferrugineus (Storer, 1839) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Pleuronectes ferruginaeus (Storer, 1839) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Pleuronectes ferruginea (Storer, 1839) | synonym | senior | new | |
Myzopsetta punctatissima (Steindachner, 1879) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hippoglossoides punctatissimus Steindachner, 1879 | synonym | senior | original | |
Limanda punctatissima (Steindachner, 1879) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes punctatissimus (Steindachner, 1879) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Limanda punctatissimus (Steindachner, 1879) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Myzopsetta punctatissimus (Steindachner, 1879) | synonym | senior | new | |
Limanda iridorum Jordan & Starks, 1906 | synonym | junior | original | |
Myzopsetta proboscidea (Gilbert, 1896) | accepted | senior | new | |
Limanda proboscidea Gilbert, 1896 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes proboscidea (Gilbert, 1896) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Pleuronectes proboscideus (Gilbert, 1896) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855) | accepted | senior | new | |
Platessa bilineata Ayres, 1855 | synonym | senior | original | |
Lepidopsetta bilineata bilineata (Ayres, 1855) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes bilineatus (Ayres, 1855) | ambiguous | other | new | |
Platichthys umbrosus Girard, 1856 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes perarcuatus Cope, 1873 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lepidopsetta mochigarei Snyder, 1911 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lepidopsetta bilineata mochigarei Snyder, 1911 | synonym | senior | change in rank | |
Pleuronectes mochigarei (Snyder, 1911) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lepidopsetta polyxystra Orr & Matarese, 2000 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum, 1792) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes americanus Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes planus Mitchill, 1814 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platessa pusilla DeKay, 1842 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pseudopleuronectes dignabilis Kendall, 1912 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae (Günther, 1877) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes yokohamae Günther, 1877 | synonym | senior | original | |
Limanda yokohamae (Günther, 1877) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Limanada yokohamae (Günther, 1877) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pseudopleuronectes obscurus (Herzenstein, 1890) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes obscurus Herzenstein, 1890 | synonym | senior | original | |
Liopsetta obscura (Herzenstein, 1890) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Liopsetta obscurus (Herzenstein, 1890) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini (Jordan & Snyder, 1901) | accepted | senior | new | |
Limanda herzensteini Jordan & Snyder, 1901 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes herzensteini (Jordan & Snyder, 1901) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes japonicus Herzenstein, 1890 | synonym | junior | original | |
Limanda angustirostris Jordan & Starks, 1906 | synonym | junior | original | |
Limanda angustirostris maculosa Pavlenko, 1910 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pseudopleuronectes schrenki (Schmidt, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Limanda schrenki Schmidt, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes schrenki (Schmidt, 1904) | synonym | senior | new | |
Liopsetta glacialis (Pallas, 1776) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes glacialis Pallas, 1776 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes cicatricosus Pallas, 1814 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platessa dwinensis Lilljeborg, 1851 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes franklinii Günther, 1862 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes glacialis caninensis Suvorov, 1929 | synonym | junior | original | |
Liopsetta glacialis knipowitschi Essipov, 1939 | synonym | junior | original | |
Liopsetta putnami (Gill, 1864) | accepted | senior | new | |
Euchalarodus putnami Gill, 1864 | synonym | senior | original | |
Limanda putnami (Gill, 1864) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes putnami (Gill, 1864) | synonym | senior | new | |
Liopsetta pinnifasciata (Kner, 1870) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes pinnifasciatus Kner, 1870 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Liopsetta pinnifasciatus (Kner, 1870) | synonym | senior | new | |
Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington, 1880) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lepidopsetta isolepis Lockington, 1880 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes isolepis (Lockington, 1880) | synonym | senior | new | |
Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi Schmidt, 1904 | accepted | senior | original | |
Cleisthenes pinetorum Jordan & Starks, 1904 | accepted | senior | original | |
Hippoglossoides pinetorum (Jordan & Starks, 1904) | synonym | senior | new | |
Hippoglossoides herzensteini Schmidt, 1904 | synonym | junior | original | |
Cleisthenes herzensteini (Schmidt, 1904) | synonym | junior | new | |
Cleisthenes pinetorum herzensteini (Schmidt, 1904) | synonym | junior | new | |
Dexistes rikuzenius Jordan & Starks, 1904 | accepted | senior | original | |
Araias ariommus Jordan & Starks, 1904 | synonym | junior | original | |
Atheresthinae | ||||
Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) | accepted | senior | new | |
Platysomatichthys stomias Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 | synonym | senior | original | |
Reinhardtius stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) | synonym | senior | new | |
Eopsetta exilis (non Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Atheresthes evermanni Jordan & Starks, 1904 | accepted | senior | original | |
Reinhardtius evermanni (Jordan & Starks, 1904) | synonym | senior | new | |
Reinhardtius oleosus Tanaka, 1918 | synonym | junior | original | |
Hippoglossinae | ||||
Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes hippoglossus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
Hippoglossus vulgaris Fleming, 1828 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Hippoglossus maximus Gottsche, 1835 | synonym | junior | original | |
Hippoglossus gigas Swainson, 1839 | synonym | junior | original | |
Hippoglossus americanus Gill, 1864 | synonym | junior | original | |
Hippoglossus linnei Malm, 1877 | synonym | junior | original | |
Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904 | accepted | senior | original | |
Hippoglossoides stenolepis (Schmidt, 1904) | synonym | senior | new | |
Hippoglossus hippoglossus camtchaticus Rendahl, 1931 | synonym | junior | original | |
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes hippoglossoides Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes pinguis Fabricius, 1824 | synonym | junior | original | |
Hippoglossus groenlandicus Günther, 1862 | synonym | junior | original | |
Reinhardtius groenlandicus (Günther, 1862) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Hippoglossus groenlandiensis Günther, 1862 | synonym | junior | original | |
Reinhardtius matsuurae Jordan & Snyder, 1901 | synonym | junior | original | |
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides matsuurae Jordan & Snyder, 1901 | synonym | junior | change in rank | |
Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Platessa asperrima Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eopsetta jordani (Lockington, 1879) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hippoglossoides jordani Lockington, 1879 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Eopsetia jordani (Lockington, 1879) | synonym | senior | new | |
Eopsetta grigorjewi (Herzenstein, 1890) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hippoglossus grigorjewi Herzenstein, 1890 | synonym | senior | original | |
Verasper otakii Jordan & Snyder, 1900 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hippoglossoides exilis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) | synonym | senior | new | |
Verasper moseri Jordan & Gilbert, 1898 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Verasper moser Jordan & Gilbert, 1898 | synonym | senior | original | |
Verasper variegatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Platessa variegata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | |
Microstominae | ||||
Microstomus kitt (Walbaum, 1792) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes kitt Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes microcephalus Donovan, 1803 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes laevis Shaw, 1803 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platessa pola Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | junior | original | |
Microstomus latidens Gottsche, 1835 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes gilli Steindachner, 1868 | synonym | junior | original | |
Microstomus pacificus (Lockington, 1879) | accepted | senior | new | |
Glyptocephalus pacificus Lockington, 1879 | synonym | senior | original | |
Microstomus bathybius (Gilbert, 1890) | accepted | senior | new | |
Cynicoglossus bathybius Gilbert, 1890 | synonym | senior | original | |
Embassichthys bathybius (Gilbert, 1890) | synonym | senior | new | |
Microstomus achne (Jordan & Starks, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Veraequa achne Jordan & Starks, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | |
Microstomus shuntovi Borets, 1983 | accepted | senior | original | |
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronectes cynoglossus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes saxicola Faber, 1828 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronectes nigromanus Nilsson, 1829 | synonym | junior | original | |
Platessa elongata Yarrell, 1839 | synonym | junior | original | |
Glyptocephalus acadianus Gill, 1873-74 | synonym | junior | original | |
Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington, 1879 | accepted | senior | original | |
Errex zachirus (Lockington, 1879) | synonym | senior | new | |
Glyptocephalus kitaharae (Jordan & Starks, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Microstomus kitaharae Jordan & Starks, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | |
Tanakius kitaharae (Jordan & Starks, 1904) | synonym | senior | new | |
Tanakius kitaharai (Jordan & Starks, 1904) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Glyptocephalus kitaharai (Jordan & Starks, 1904) | synonym | senior | new | |
Glyptocephalus stelleri (Schmidt, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Microstomus stelleri Schmidt, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | |
Glyptocephalus ostroumowi Pavlenko, 1910 | synonym | junior | original | |
Glyptocephalus sasae Snyder, 1911 | synonym | junior | original | |
Microstomus hireguro Tanaka, 1916 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronichthyinae | ||||
Pleuronichthys coenosus Girard, 1854 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pleuronichthys nephelus Starks & Thompson, 1910 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronichthys cornutus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Pleuronichthys sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Platessa cornuta Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | |
Pleuronectes cornutus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | synonym | senior | new | |
Pleuronichthys japonicus Suzuki, Kawashima & Nakabo, 2009 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronichthys guttulatus Girard, 1856 | accepted | senior | original | |
Hypsopsetta guttulata (Girard, 1856) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Pleuronichthys guttulata Girard, 1856 | synonym | senior | original | |
Parophrys ayresii Günther, 1862 | synonym | junior | original | |
Pleuronichthys verticalis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pleuronichthys decurrens Jordan & Gilbert, 1881 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pleuronichthys ritteri Starks & Morris, 1907 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pleuronichthys ocellatus Starks & Thompson, 1910 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pleuronichthys lighti Wu, 1929 | accepted | senior | original | |
Pleuronichthys sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Parophrys cornuta (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Platessa cornuta (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Pleuronichthys cornutus (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Hypsopsetta macrocephala Breder, 1936 | accepted | senior | original |