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> Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows) > Umbridae (Mudminnows)
Etymology: Umbra: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

; air tawar bentopelagis; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 5 - ?; nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 0 - ? m. Temperate; 5°C - 24°C (Ref. 26183); 49°N - 43°N, 9°E - 31°E

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Europe: Danube drainage from Vienna to delta; lower reaches of Dniestr drainage.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 26183); common length : 5.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 556); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 5 Tahun (Ref. 59043)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

Differs from Umbra pygmaea by the lack of dark blotch at caudal base, its body and head irregularly strewn with small dark sport, and having 33-35 scales in midlateral series (Ref. 59043).

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit small irrigation canals and slowly flowing and stagnant waters with dense vegetation (Ref. 26183), usually in small ditches, oxbows, backwaters and shallow lakes (Ref. 59043). Territorial in shallow pools and swamps. They feed on larger crustacean plankton and invertebrate larvae (Ref. 26183). This species is under threat due to habitat destruction, irrigation works and disappearance of shallow ditches as suitable habitats, restrictions of river inundation, pressure from introduced fish species and chemical pollution (Ref. 26183).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Female guards the brood until hatching (Ref. 26183).

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Povz, M., 1995. Threatened fishes of the world: Umbra krameriWalbaum, 1792 (Umbridae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 43(3):232. (Ref. 26183)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

Rentan, lihat daftar merah IUCN (VU) (A2c); Date assessed: 05 March 2010

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: tidak ada kepentingan; Akuarium: Komersial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
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Ecology
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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6329 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00411 - 0.02546), b=3.07 (2.86 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 1.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (tm=1; tmax=5; K=0.79; Fec=200).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).

Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792