Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный; амфидромный (Ref. 40808); пределы глубины 0 - 75 m (Ref. 57178), usually 50 - 60 m (Ref. 51483). Subtropical; 5°C - 22°C (Ref. 13614); 43°N - 9°N, 79°W - 74°W (Ref. 57273)
Western Central Atlantic: Massachusetts to Florida, throughout the Gulf of Mexico, to Panama.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 7251); common length : 11.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 12193); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 7 годы (Ref. 51483)
Adults inhabit coastal waters. They also enter fresh waters, going hundreds of miles upstream. Migrate downstream to spawn in spring (Ref. 36739). Larvae move upstream after hatching (Ref. 36739). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: интереса не представляет
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.4 - 24.5, mean 17.2 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00841 - 0.02600), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 5.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (tm=1; tmax=7; K=0.21(?)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 110 [48, 247] mg/100g; Iron = 0.938 [0.463, 1.756] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.8, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.226 [0.110, 0.434] g/100g; Selenium = 19.6 [9.7, 42.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16 [5, 56] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.964 [0.630, 1.421] mg/100g (wet weight);