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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Poey.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 15 - 50 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 33°N - 8°N, 89°W - 59°W
Western Atlantic: southern Florida, USA and Bahamas to northern South America. Also Caribbean, including Antilles (Ref. 26938).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 23.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 26340); common length : 18.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5217)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 14 - 15; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 10; Εδρικές άκανθες: 2; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 9. Spindle-shaped fish with a deeply forked tail and an extremely protrusible mouth. Dorsal fins close together (Ref. 13442).
Occurs in open water (Ref. 9710); sometimes found near the coast, mainly near oceanic islands (Ref. 5217). Sometimes found over coral heads (Ref. 9710). Feeds on zooplankton and small fishes. Marketed fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Rocha, L.A., K.C. Lindeman, C.R. Rocha and H.A. Lessios, 2008. Historical biogeography and speciation in the reef fish genus Haemulon (Teleostei: Haemulidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 48:918-928. (Ref. 84214)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας; δόλωμα: occasionally
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 28, mean 26.7 °C (based on 86 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 66.5 [26.7, 138.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.719 [0.358, 1.364] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.5, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.0892 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 31.4 [15.7, 65.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 143 [51, 420] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.36 [0.87, 2.12] mg/100g (wet weight);
