Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
; Γλυκού νερού βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 5 - ? m (Ref. 10999). Subtropical; ? - 30°C (Ref. 12741); 57°N - 31°N, 120°W - 71°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to Alberta in Canada, and south to northern Alabama and Louisiana in the USA. Introduced into Atlantic, Gulf and southern Mississippi River drainages.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 32.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 86798); common length : 35.8 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 12193); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 4.0 kg (Ref. 4699); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 18 έτη (Ref. 72496)
Inhabits sand and gravel runs, sandy and muddy pools and backwaters of small to large rivers (Ref. 86798). Less frequent in lake and impoundments (Ref. 86798). Larvae feed on cladocerans, copepods, and midge larvae, while juveniles consume fishes (Ref. 10294). Spawn between March and June (Ref. 10999) in pairs or small aggregations (Ref. 11003).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: παραδοσιακή αλιεία; αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00346 - 0.01150), b=3.14 (2.96 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.68 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.23; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).