Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; air tawar dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 5 - ? m (Ref. 10999). Subtropical; ? - 30°C (Ref. 12741); 57°N - 31°N, 120°W - 71°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to Alberta in Canada, and south to northern Alabama and Louisiana in the USA. Introduced into Atlantic, Gulf and southern Mississippi River drainages.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 32.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 86798); common length : 35.8 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 12193); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 4.0 kg (Ref. 4699); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 18 Tahun (Ref. 72496)
Inhabits sand and gravel runs, sandy and muddy pools and backwaters of small to large rivers (Ref. 86798). Less frequent in lake and impoundments (Ref. 86798). Larvae feed on cladocerans, copepods, and midge larvae, while juveniles consume fishes (Ref. 10294). Spawn between March and June (Ref. 10999) in pairs or small aggregations (Ref. 11003).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: perikanan swasembada; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00346 - 0.01150), b=3.14 (2.96 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.68 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.23; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
