分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 5 - ? m (Ref. 27732). 亞熱帶的; 5°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060); 53°N - 27°S
Asia: Native to Siberia (Tugur and Amur drainages), Sakhalin, Korea, Japan, China south to northern Vietnam. Europe: Introduced in several localities in Rhine (Germany) and Ticino (Italy, north of Milano) drainages, Aral Sea basin, North America, Australia and Hawaii.
This species proved successful in the aquarium fish trade and has also been introduced to other countries (Ref. 1739). At least one country reports adverse ecological impact after introduction.
亞洲: 緬甸與東北亞而且向南至中國中部。 這種證明成功的在水族館魚中交易而且已經也被引進其他的國家.(參考文獻 1739) 至少一個國家報告引入後的不利的生態衝擊。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
Dorsal view shows the male with larger pectoral fins and the female with fuller abdomen (Ref. 44091). Body is mottled with darker greenish-gray to dark brown markings, against a yellow-brown to brown color; conspicuous adipose crests along the ventral and dorsal mid-lines of the caudal peduncle; 10 barbels; suborbital spine hidden in the skin (Ref. 27732).
背面显示雄鱼有较大的胸鳍而且雌鱼有半圆型锤腹部。 (参考文献 44091) 身体参杂着比较深色的灰绿色对深褐色的斑纹, 以黄褐色或褐色为背景; 显着的脂肪冠沿着尾梗的腹与背部中线; 10个触须; 在皮肤藏的眶下骨棘.(参考文献 27732)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in rivers, lakes and ponds. Also in swamps and ricefields (Ref. 27732, 119549). Prefers muddy bottoms, where they hide in the muck and leaf litter with only their heads sticking out; prefers muddy bottoms of streams and ponds; in Hawaii, can also be found under mats of honohono (Commelina diffusa and California grass (Brachiara nuatica); feeds on worms, small crustaceans, insects, insect larvae, and other small aquatic organisms (Ref. 44091).
出现于河，湖泊与池塘。 也在沼泽与稻田中.(参考文献 27732,44894) 偏爱静止或者逐渐流动的水 (参考文献 44894), 也泥底部, 在那里它们藏在垃圾与腐叶中仅伸出他们的头部; 偏爱溪流与池塘的泥底部; 在夏威夷, 也能被发现于 honohono 的垫下面 ( Commelina diffusa 与加州草 ( Brachiara nuatica); 吃蠕虫，小型甲壳动物，昆虫，昆虫幼生与其他的小水生的生物。 (参考文献 44091) 容忍温度在 2 与 30C之間, 而且能呼吸空氣在氧氣幾乎耗盡的水域中補充呼吸的需求。 通常被垂釣者使用了當作活餌，因此，逃亡也可能已經成為他們的傳佈的因素。 (參考文獻 44894)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Male wraps his body around the female and stimulates her to release a cloud of eggs, which the male simultaneously fertilizes (Ref. 44091).亞洲: 緬甸與東北亞而且向南至中國中部。 這種證明成功的在水族館魚中交易而且已經也被引進其他的國家.(參考文獻 1739) 至少一個國家報告引入後的不利的生態衝擊。
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性; 诱饵: occasionally
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00430 - 0.00558), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=2000 eggs).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
