分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 5 - ? m (Ref. 27732). 亞熱帶的; 5°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060); 53°N - 27°S
Asia: Native to Siberia (Tugur and Amur drainages), Sakhalin, Korea, Japan, China south to northern Vietnam. Europe: Introduced in several localities in Rhine (Germany) and Ticino (Italy, north of Milano) drainages, Aral Sea basin, North America, Australia and Hawaii.
This species proved successful in the aquarium fish trade and has also been introduced to other countries (Ref. 1739). At least one country reports adverse ecological impact after introduction.
亞洲: 緬甸與東北亞而且向南至中國中部。 這種證明成功的在水族館魚中交易而且已經也被引進其他的國家.(參考文獻 1739) 至少一個國家報告引入後的不利的生態衝擊。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
Dorsal view shows the male with larger pectoral fins and the female with fuller abdomen (Ref. 44091). Body is mottled with darker greenish-gray to dark brown markings, against a yellow-brown to brown color; conspicuous adipose crests along the ventral and dorsal mid-lines of the caudal peduncle; 10 barbels; suborbital spine hidden in the skin (Ref. 27732).
背面顯示雄魚有較大的胸鰭而且雌魚有半圓型鎚腹部。 (參考文獻 44091) 身體參雜著比較深色的灰綠色對深褐色的斑紋, 以黃褐色或褐色為背景; 顯著的脂肪冠沿著尾梗的腹與背部中線; 10個觸鬚; 在皮膚藏的眶下骨棘.(參考文獻 27732)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in rivers, lakes and ponds. Also in swamps and ricefields (Ref. 27732, 119549). Prefers muddy bottoms, where they hide in the muck and leaf litter with only their heads sticking out; prefers muddy bottoms of streams and ponds; in Hawaii, can also be found under mats of honohono (Commelina diffusa and California grass (Brachiara nuatica); feeds on worms, small crustaceans, insects, insect larvae, and other small aquatic organisms (Ref. 44091).
出現於河，湖泊與池塘。 也在沼澤與稻田中.(參考文獻 27732,44894) 偏愛靜止或者逐漸流動的水 (參考文獻 44894), 也泥底部, 在那裡它們藏在垃圾與腐葉中僅伸出他們的頭部; 偏愛溪流與池塘的泥底部; 在夏威夷, 也能被發現於 honohono 的墊下面 ( Commelina diffusa 與加州草 ( Brachiara nuatica); 吃蠕蟲，小型甲殼動物，昆蟲，昆蟲幼生與其他的小水生的生物。 (參考文獻 44091) 底棲的.(參考文獻 58302) 容忍溫度在 2 與 30C之間, 而且能呼吸空氣在氧氣幾乎耗盡的水域中補充呼吸的需求。 通常被垂釣者使用.當作活餌，因此，逃亡也可能已經成為他們的傳佈的因素。 (參考文獻 44894)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Male wraps his body around the female and stimulates her to release a cloud of eggs, which the male simultaneously fertilizes (Ref. 44091).亞洲: 緬甸與東北亞而且向南至中國中部。 這種證明成功的在水族館魚中交易而且已經也被引進其他的國家.(參考文獻 1739) 至少一個國家報告引入後的不利的生態衝擊。
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 September 2011
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00430 - 0.00558), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=2000 eggs).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
