You can sponsor this page

Lethrinus harak (Fabricius, 1775)

Thumbprint emperor
Beobachtung melden im Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Lethrinus harak   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
Hochladen Photos und videos
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google Bild
Image of Lethrinus harak (Thumbprint emperor)
Lethrinus harak
Picture by Field, R.

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; standorttreu; tiefenbereich 0 - 20 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 32°N - 32°S, 31°E - 155°W

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and E ast Africa to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northeastern Australia.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: Lm 19.5  range ? - 21.1 cm
Max length : 54.9 cm FL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 125599); common length : 30.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 30573); max. veröff. Gewicht: 2.9 kg (Ref. 125599); max. veröff. Alter: 15 Jahre (Ref. 2293)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 10; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 9; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body moderately deep, its depth 2.6-2.8 times in standard length; head length 0.9-1 times in body depth, 2.7-3.1 times in SL length, dorsal profile near eye distinctly or slightly convex; snout short and blunt, its length about 2.0-2.6 times in HL, measured without the lip the snout is 0.9-1 times in cheek height, its dorsal profile nearly straight, snout angle relative to upper jaw between 60° and 70°; interorbital space convex or almost flat; posterior nostril a narrow longitudinal slit, closer to orbit than anterior nostril; eye situated close to dorsal profile, its length 3.4-4.2 times in HL; cheek not very high, its height 2.3-3.1 times in HL; lateral teeth in jaws of adults molars or rounded; outer surface of maxilla smooth or with a longitudinal ridge; D X,9 the 4th or 5th dorsal-fin spine the longest, its length 2.5-3.1 times in body depth; A III,8 with the first soft ray usually the longest, its length almost equal to or longer or shorter than length of base of soft-rayed portion of anal fin and 1.2-1.6 times in length of entire anal-fin base; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin membranes between rays closest to body without dense melanophores; cheek without scales; 46-47 lateral-line scales usually; usually 5 ½ (sometimes 4 ½) scale rows between lateral line and base of middle dorsal-fin spines; 14-16 scale rows in transverse series between origin of anal fin and lateral line; 13-14 rows in lower series of scales around caudal peduncle; 4-8 scales in supratemporal patch; inner surface of pectoral-fin base densely covered with scales; posterior angle of operculum fully scaly. Colour of body olive or grey above, shading to silvery white below; a large elliptical black spot, often broadly edged in yellow, on side directly below lateral line and centered at a vertical near the posterior tip of pectoral fins; sometimes light blue dots bordering lower rim of eye and around nostrils; pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, and anal fins white to pinkish; caudal fin orange or reddish; vertical fins sometimes lightly mottled or striped (Ref. 114226).

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Found solitary or in small schools over shallow sandy, coral rubble, mangroves, lagoons, channel and seagrass areas inshore and adjacent to coral reefs. Feeds on polychaetes, crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms and small fish. Reported to spawn throughout the year during the first five days of the lunar month in large aggregations in Palau. Caught mostly by shore seine, gill nets, traps, and handline. Marketed mostly fresh (Ref. 171, 68703); flesh spoils rapidly (Ref. 4369).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 March 2015

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Harmless





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell
FAO - Fischereien: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Mehr Information

Trophic ecology
Nahrungsorganismen
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Räuber
Ecology
Ökologie
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Längenhäufigkeiten
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Fortpflanzung
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Distribution
Länder
FAO Gebiete
Ecosystems
Vorkommen
Einführungen
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
Gehirngröße
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fisch Laute
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetik
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquakultur Profile
Zuchtlinien
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Partner
References
Referenzen

Tools

Zusatzinformationen

Download XML

Internet Quellen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | FishWatcher Einträge suchen | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Gattung, Arten | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fischereien: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: Genom, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Nationale Datenbanken | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Gehe zu, Suchen | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 25.7 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3040 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01264 - 0.01812), b=2.98 (2.94 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.45-0.49; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.58, 95% CL = 0.38 - 0.87, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 49.7 [34.2, 75.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.885 [0.562, 1.363] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [18.0, 22.8] %; Omega3 = 0.128 [0.087, 0.187] g/100g; Selenium = 34.2 [20.1, 62.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.1 [4.9, 137.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.54 [1.84, 3.36] mg/100g (wet weight);