Family Lethrinidae - Emperors or scavengers
Order : Eupercaria/misc Lethrinidae
Class : Teleostei
No. in FishBase : Genera : 5 | Species : 43 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
Environment : Fresh : No | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes
Division : Marine
Aquarium : some
First Fossil Record : lower   Tertiary     Eocene Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958
Remark : Distribution: Tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific (only Lethrinus atlanticus occurs in the Atlantic, off West Africa). Lethrinids are bottom-feeding, carnivorous, coastal fishes, ranging primarily on or near reefs. They typically feed primarily at night on benthic invertebrates or fishes, those with molariform teeth mainly on hard-shelled invertebrates. Lethrinids can be solitary or schooling and do not appear to be territorial. They often form large aggregations for pelagic spawning. Protogynous hermaphroditism (sex reversal from female to male) has been demonstrated in several species of Lethrinus. Dorsal fin with 10 spines and 9-10 soft rays. Three spines in anal fin; soft rays 8-10. Accessory subpelvic keel absent. Subocular shelf small. All but the smallest emperors are esteemed food fishes, although an iodoform odor is attributed to individuals of some species when cooked (Ref. 4537).
Etymology : Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus
Reproductive guild : nonguarders
Typical activity level : normal
Main Ref. : Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989
Coordinator :
Deep Fin Classification : Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Eupercaria | | | Spariformes | | | Lethrinidae

Show species images | Show valid names | Nominal species list | Identification keys | CAS specimen photos | References

Ref.
[ e.g. 9948 ]
Glossary
[ e.g. oophagy ]


Species/Synonymy list for the family Lethrinidae as currently in FishBase

Important recommendation:

The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.

Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.

But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.

Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.

This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).

The list ordered as follows:

Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.

Show all | Show only accepted name | Show only accepted and original names
Scientifc name Status Senior/Junior synonym Combination
Lethrininae
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
acceptedseniornew
Sciaena nebulosa Forsskål, 1775
synonymseniororiginal
Sparus choerorynchus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus choerorynchus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
synonymjuniornew
Lethrinus maculatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus erythrurus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus gothofredi Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus korely Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus centurio Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus esculentus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus karwa Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus alboguttatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus fasciatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus fraenatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
! Lethrinus frenatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus cyanoxanthus Richardson, 1843
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus anatarius Richardson, 1845
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus guentheri Bleeker, 1873
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus scoparius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus devisianus Whitley, 1929
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus perselectus Whitley, 1933
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus harak (Fabricius, 1775)
misappliedmisappliednew
Lethrinus amboinensis (non Bleeker, 1854)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
! Lethtinus fletus (non Whitley, 1943)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Lethrinus harak (Fabricius, 1775)
acceptedseniornew
Sciaena harak Fabricius, 1775
synonymseniororiginal
Lethrinus azureus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus rhodopterus Bleeker, 1852
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus johnii Castelnau, 1873
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus bonhamensis Günther, 1874
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus papuensis Alleyne & Macleay, 1877
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus bleekeri Klunzinger, 1884
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus mahsena (Fabricius, 1775)
acceptedseniornew
Sciaena mahsena Fabricius, 1775
synonymseniororiginal
Lethrinus caeruleus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus abbreviatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus obsoletus (Forsskål, 1775)
acceptedseniornew
Sciaena obsoleta Forsskål, 1775
synonymseniororiginal
Sciaena ramak Forsskål, 1775
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus ramak (Forsskål, 1775)
synonymjuniornew
Lethrinus cutambi Seale, 1910
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus miniatus (Forster, 1801)
acceptedseniornew
Sparus miniatus Forster, 1801
synonymseniororiginal
Lethrinella miniata (Forster, 1801)
synonymseniornew
Lethrinella miniatus (Forster, 1801)
synonymseniornew
Lethrinus chrysostomus Richardson, 1848
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus amamianus Akazaki, 1962
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepède, 1802)
acceptedseniornew
Bodianus lentjan Lacepède, 1802
synonymseniororiginal
! Letherinus lentjanus (Lacepède, 1802)
synonymseniornew
! Letherinus leutjanus (Lacepède, 1802)
synonymseniornew
! Letthrinus lentjan (Lacepède, 1802)
synonymseniornew
Lethrinus argenteus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus croceopterus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus cinereus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus mahsenoides Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus opercularis Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus flavescens Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus geniguttatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus virescens Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Pentapodus nubilus Cantor, 1849
synonymjuniororiginal
! Lethrinus nubilis (Cantor, 1849)
synonymjuniornew
! Pentapodus nubilis Cantor, 1849
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus cocosensis Bleeker, 1854
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus glyphodon Günther, 1859
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus punctulatus Macleay, 1878
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus fusciceps Macleay, 1878
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus atlanticus Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinus bungus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus mahsenoides (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Lethrinus erythracanthus Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
! Lethrinus erithracanthus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymseniororiginal
Lethrinus cinnabarinus Richardson, 1843
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus kallopterus Bleeker, 1856
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus erythropterus Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinus striatus Steindachner, 1866
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus genivittatus Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinella microdon (Valenciennes, 1830)
synonymseniornew
Lethrinus elongatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus acutus Klunzinger, 1884
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus olivaceus Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinus rostratus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus waigiensis Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1830
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
Lethrinus longirostris Playfair, 1867
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus elongatus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Lethrinus miniatus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Lethrinus ornatus Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
! Lethtinus erythrurus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Lethrinus reticulatus Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
! Lethrinus reticularis Valenciennes, 1830
synonymseniororiginal
Lethrinus semicinctus Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinus sordidus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus moensii Bleeker, 1855
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus reticulatus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Lethrinus variegatus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Lethrinus variegatus Valenciennes, 1830
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinella variegata (Valenciennes, 1830)
synonymseniornew
Lethrinella variegatus (Valenciennes, 1830)
synonymseniornew
! Lethrinus variagatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymseniororiginal
! Lethrinus variegates Valenciennes, 1830
synonymseniororiginal
Lethrinus latifrons Rüppell, 1838
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus miniatus (non Forster, 1801)
misappliedmisappliednew
Lethrinus semicinctus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Lethrinus haematopterus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinus richardsonii Günther, 1859
synonymjuniororiginal
! Lethrinus richardsoni Günther, 1859
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus genivittatus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Gymnocranius griseus (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
misappliedmisappliednew
Lethrinus kallopterus (non Bleeker, 1856)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Lethrinus amboinensis Bleeker, 1854
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinus xanthochilus Klunzinger, 1870
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinella xanthochila (Klunzinger, 1870)
synonymseniornew
! Lethrinella xanthocheilus (Klunzinger, 1870)
synonymseniornew
! Lethrinus xanthocheilus Klunzinger, 1870
synonymseniororiginal
! Lethrinus xantochilus Klunzinger, 1870
synonymseniororiginal
Lethrinus microdon (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Lethrinus variegatus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Lethrinus laticaudis Alleyne & Macleay, 1877
acceptedseniororiginal
! Lethrinus lacticaudis Alleyne & Macleay, 1877
synonymseniororiginal
Lethrinus fletus Whitley, 1943
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus fraenatus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinus sp. Not applicable
synonymotherother
! Lethrinus atkinson Seale, 1910
synonymseniororiginal
Lethrinus mahsena (Fabricius, 1775)
misappliedmisappliednew
Lethrinus mahsenoides (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Lethrinus reticulatus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Lethrinus sanguineus (non Smith, 1955)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
! Lethrinus concyliatus (Smith, 1959)
synonymseniornew
Lethrinus floridus Wheeler, 1961
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus miniatus (non Forster, 1801)
misappliedmisappliednew
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinus hypselopterus (non Bleeker, 1873)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinella variegatus (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliednew
Lethrinus ravus Carpenter & Randall, 2003
acceptedseniororiginal
Lethrinus sp. 2 Not applicable
synonymotherother
Lethrinus mitchelli Allen, Victor & Erdmann, 2021
acceptedseniororiginal
Monotaxinae
Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål, 1775)
acceptedseniornew
Sciaena grandoculis Forsskål, 1775
synonymseniororiginal
! Monotaxis grandocculis (Forsskål, 1775)
synonymseniornew
! Monotaxis grandocularis (Forsskål, 1775)
synonymseniornew
! Monotaxis grandoculus (Forsskål, 1775)
synonymseniornew
Monotaxis indica Anonymous [Bennett], 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Lethrinus latidens Valenciennes, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Monotaxis heterodon (Bleeker, 1854)
acceptedseniornew
Pagrus heterodon Bleeker, 1854
synonymjuniororiginal
Gymnocranius grandoculis (Valenciennes, 1830)
acceptedseniornew
Cantharus grandoculis Valenciennes, 1830
synonymseniororiginal
! Gymnocranium grandoculis (Valenciennes, 1830)
synonymseniornew
! Gymnocranius grandocculis (Valenciennes, 1830)
synonymseniornew
! Gymnocranius grandoculus (Valenciennes, 1830)
synonymseniornew
Dentex rivulatus Rüppell, 1838
synonymjuniororiginal
Gymnocranius rivulatus (Rüppell, 1838)
synonymjuniornew
Dentex lethrinoides Bleeker, 1850
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Pentapus dux Valenciennes, 1862
synonymjuniororiginal
Pentapus curtus Guichenot, 1863
synonymjuniororiginal
Dentex robinsoni Gilchrist & Thompson, 1909
synonymjuniororiginal
Gymnocranius robinsoni (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1909)
synonymjuniornew
Paradentex marshalli Whitley, 1936
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Gymnocranius griseus (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
misappliedmisappliednew
Gymnocranius griseus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
acceptedseniornew
Dentex griseus Temminck & Schlegel, 1843
synonymseniororiginal
! Gymnocranius griserus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
synonymseniornew
Lobotes microprion Bleeker, 1851
synonymjuniororiginal
Gymnocranius orbis Fowler, 1938
synonymjuniororiginal
Gymnocranius grandoculis (non Valenciennes, 1830)
misappliedmisappliednew
Gymnocranius microdon (Bleeker, 1851)
acceptedseniornew
Dentex microdon Bleeker, 1851
synonymseniororiginal
! Gymnocranium microdon (Bleeker, 1851)
synonymseniornew
Gymnocranius frenatus Bleeker, 1873
acceptedseniororiginal
Gymnocranius euanus (Günther, 1879)
acceptedseniornew
Sphaerodon euanus Günther, 1879
synonymseniororiginal
Monotaxis affinis Whitley, 1943
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Gymnocranius bitorquatus Cockerell, 1916
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymseniororiginal
Gymnocranius oblongus Borsa, Béarez & Chen, 2010
acceptedseniororiginal
Gymnocranius satoi Borsa, Béarez, Paijo & Chen, 2013
acceptedseniororiginal
Gymnocranius superciliosus Borsa, Béarez, Paijo & Chen, 2013
acceptedseniororiginal
Gymnocranius sp. Not applicable
synonymotherother
Gymnocranius sp. B Not applicable
synonymotherother
Gymnocranius griseus (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
misappliedmisappliednew
Gymnocranius indicus Chen, Miki, Nevill & Borsa, 2024
acceptedseniororiginal
Gnathodentex aureolineatus (Lacepède, 1802)
acceptedseniornew
Sparus aureolineatus Lacepède, 1802
synonymseniororiginal
! Gnathodentex aurilineatus (Lacepède, 1802)
synonymseniornew
! Gnathodentex aurolinaetus (Lacepède, 1802)
synonymseniornew
! Gnathodentex aurolineatus (Lacepède, 1802)
synonymseniornew
Dentex lycogenis Bennett, 1831
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Wattsia mossambica (Smith, 1957)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
! Wattsia mossambicus (Smith, 1957)
synonymseniornew
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