分類 / Names
共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海; 汽水性の 底生の; 深さの範囲 10 - ? m (Ref. 3573). Subtropical; 47°N - 29°N, 11°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Atlantic coasts from Morocco to France. Introduced to Iran and is now naturally occurring in the Caspian Sea basin (Ref. 50218).
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 21.3, range 17 - 22 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9987)
Adults usually in schools inhabit coastal waters (Ref. 3573); sometimes in lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 59043). Juveniles around 2.0 cm SL move to coastal lagoons and estuaries in summer and autumn (Ref. 59043). Adults are herbivorous feeding on algae and vegetal detritus while juveniles feed on zooplankton until about 3 cm SL, then on benthic organisms until 5 cm SL (Ref. 9987, 59043). Reproduce in summer (Ref. 2804). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Utilized for roe, but also fresh, smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987).
Thomson, J.M., 1986. Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573)
Human uses
水産業: 少数商業の; 水産養殖: 商業
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.4 - 21.5, mean 18.4 °C (based on 154 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00899 - 0.01277), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.2 (3.4 - 5.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.2-0.3; tm=3-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51.7 [14.1, 292.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.722 [0.360, 1.278] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.0, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.73 [0.33, 1.67] g/100g; Selenium = 6.96 [2.86, 17.33] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.3 [3.7, 38.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.621 [0.386, 0.987] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
