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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Pollachius: Scottish dialect, podlock, paddle = bumpfish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 37 - 364 m (Ref. 5951). Temperate; 77°N - 33°N, 76°W - 35°E
Eastern Atlantic: Barents Sea, Spitsbergen to Bay of Biscay, around Iceland. Western Atlantic: southwest Greenland, Hudson Strait to North Carolina, although rare at the extremes of the range. Migrations for spawning are known to occur. Also long-distance north-south migrations for Europe and the US.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 39.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 1371); common length : 60.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4645); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 32.0 kg (Ref. 7251); العمر: 25 سنين (Ref. 1371)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; شوكة شرجية: 0. Chin barbel small. Lateral line smooth along its entire length. Body color is brownish-green dorsally, becoming only slightly paler ventrally. The lateral line pale.
An active, gregarious fish occurring inshore and offshore waters. Usually enters coastal waters in spring and returns to deeper waters in winter (Ref. 9988). Smaller fish in inshore waters feed on small crustaceans (copepods, amphipods, euphausiids) and small fish, while larger fish prey predominantly upon fishes. Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked, canned and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 10.2, mean 7 °C (based on 292 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00580 - 0.00752), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.3 (5.6 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (rm=0.55-0.87; K=0.07-0.17; tm=2-10; tmax=25; Fec=220,000).
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.78, Based on 21 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.7 [5.3, 40.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.293 [0.115, 0.731] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.2, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.599 [0.310, 1.230] g/100g; Selenium = 27.1 [9.3, 77.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [2.8, 45.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.363 [0.184, 0.685] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
