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इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Himantura: Greek, iman, imantos = thong, strap + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Blyth.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; ऐम्फिढरोमस (Ref. 51243). Tropical

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Indian Ocean: India, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. May venture into Indonesian waters; possibly off Mozambique (Ref. 9840).

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 179 cm WD पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9840)

Occurs in inshore waters and estuaries. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).

Life cycle and mating behavior परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक : McEachran, John | सहयोगीयो

Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 11 February 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Traumatogenic (Ref. 114953)

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00486 - 0.02155), b=3.06 (2.87 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (Assuming fecundity<100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Himantura marginata (Blyth, 1860)