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Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) >
Ephippidae (Spadefishes, batfishes and scats)
Etymology: Chaetodipterus: Greek, chaite = hair + Greek, dipteros = with two fins (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 3 - 35 m (Ref. 26912). Subtropical; 43°N - 34°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ref. 47377).
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 12 - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 7251); common length : 50.4 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 26466); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 9.0 kg (Ref. 7251)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 9; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 21 - 24; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 17 - 18. Very deep-bodied, compressed, disk-shaped fish with a very blunt snout. Irregular, bold, blackish, vertical bands that fade with age. Second dorsal and anal fins have high anterior lobes (Ref. 26938). Mouth small, the maxilla of adults ending beneath nostrils; no teeth on roof of mouth; scales ctenoid; head and fins scaled; opercle ends in an obtuse point (Ref. 13442).
Abundant in shallow coastal waters, from mangroves and sandy beaches to wrecks and harbors. Juveniles (black phase) are common in estuaries and often found in very shallow water swimming at an angle resembling dead leaves or as infertile red mangrove pods and other debris. Adults often occur in very large schools of up to 500 individuals (Ref. 9710). Feed on benthic invertebrates like crustaceans, mollusks, annelids, cnidarians as well as on plankton (Ref. 35237). Good food fish (Ref. 5521); marketed fresh (Ref. 5217). Often circles divers (Ref. 9710). Minimum depth from Ref. 9710. In southeastern Brazil found between 23 and 45 m (Ref. 47377). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35425).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; जलीयकृषि: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां; जलजीवालय: सार्वजनिक लजीवालय
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.6 - 28, mean 25.4 °C (based on 380 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03311 (0.02581 - 0.04248), b=2.94 (2.87 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (tmax=8; tm=1; K=0.34).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16 [7, 41] mg/100g; Iron = 0.412 [0.214, 0.762] mg/100g; Protein = 20.3 [19.1, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.165 [0.090, 0.311] g/100g; Selenium = 15.9 [6.9, 34.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.7 [5.6, 116.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.532 [0.327, 0.832] mg/100g (wet weight);
