Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
морской; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный. Tropical; 13°N - 11°S, 77°W - 35°W
Western Atlantic: Caribbean and Atlantic draining rivers and estuaries from Colombia to Brazil.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm 36.6 range ? - 44.7 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 3265); common length : 50.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 3265); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 9.0 kg (Ref. 5217); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 4 годы (Ref. 51629)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 1. The head is more or less flattened, the nostril nearly rounded, mouth inferior. There are three pairs of barbels, 1 pair of maxillary barbel and 2 pairs of mandibular barbels.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Inhabits mainly brackish estuaries and lagoons. Occurs also in freshwaters (Ref. 58022). Found on shallow muddy bottoms (Ref. 5217). Feeds on fish and shrimps. Two annual cycles of slower growth occur during the dry seasons (March and August to November). Life span is three to four years. Sexually mature at 1.5 to 2 years of age. Reproduction takes place from November to April. Consumed as food (Ref. 35381). Marketed fresh. The skull is sold throughout the world as crucifix.
Pairing involved in reproduction. Mouth brooding may be employed (Ref. 205).
Taylor, W.R. and N.A. Menezes, 1978. Ariidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). volume 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3265)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Угроза для людей
Traumatogenic (Ref. 36613)
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (ссылка
123201): 26.9 - 27.8, mean 27.4 °C (based on 66 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00377 - 0.01008), b=3.17 (3.02 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (ссылка
69278): 4.4 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка
120179): высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (tm=1.5; tmax=3.5; K=0.5).
Prior r = 0.98, 95% CL = 0.65 - 1.47, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 98.3 [51.2, 205.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.09 [0.68, 1.92] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.6, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.169 [0.095, 0.304] g/100g; Selenium = 68.5 [33.7, 141.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.1 [6.8, 40.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.811 [0.533, 1.257] mg/100g (wet weight);
