ইলাসমোব্রাঙ্কি (হাঙ্গর এবং রে) (sharks and rays) >
Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) >
Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes)
Etymology: Rhinobatos: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek, batis, -idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Norman.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক; ঈষৎ লোনা তলদেশ বিহারী; গভীরতার পরিসীমা ? - 35 m (Ref. 114953). Tropical; 16°N - 17°S, 19°W - 13°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Guinea to Angola.
আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 6497); common length : 60.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 114953)
Benthic and more or less stationary in inshore coastal waters. Feeds on fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587). Ovoviviparous. Females have litters of 2-3 pups. Males mature at ca. 46 cm TL, females at ca. 52 cm TL; birth size at ca. 15 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
Life cycle and mating behavior
পরিপক্কতা | প্রজনন | ডিম ছাড়া | ডিমসমূহ | ডিম্বধারন ক্ষমতা | শুককীট
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Stehmann, M., 1990. Rhinobatidae. p. 23-27. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 6497)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 205 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00295 (0.00151 - 0.00578), b=3.13 (2.96 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.71 se; based on food items.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): নিম্ন/ , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ৪.৪-১৪ বৎসর (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 49 [12, 214] mg/100g; Iron = 0.763 [0.193, 2.015] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.0, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.069, 0.364] g/100g; Selenium = 36.7 [10.0, 102.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.2 [7.1, 31.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.998 [0.498, 1.822] mg/100g (wet weight);
