分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Trichomycteridae (Pencil or parasitic catfishes) > Vandelliinae
Eponymy: Dr Domenico Agostino Vandelli (1735–1816) was an Italian naturalist who maintained a lengthy correspondence with Linnaeus. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的. 熱帶
South America: Amazon River basin.
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 39970)
Enters the gill cavity of larger fish to suck blood; burrows in sandy bottoms. Known to enter the urethra of humans urinating under water; presumably it mistakes the urea for water exhausted from gills. When inactive, it remains buried in soft, muddy bottom. Active both during daytime and at night while foraging for blood (Ref. 50921). Uses visual and chemo-sensory orientation to find potential hosts (Ref. 50919, 50921). Forces itself under the gill cover of host fish to enter gill chamber during ventilation of the latter. Bites mostly at the ventral or dorsal aorta arteries, and the blood is pumped into its gut by the host's blood pressure. It does not need any special sucking or pumping mechanism to quickly engorge itself with blood, but simply uses its needle-like teeth to make an incision in an artery. Thus, the notion of the blood-sucking candiru is a misleading concept. Able to engorge itself enormously, the ingested blood is visible through the swollen belly. Some kind of valve or sphincter is likely present to prevent reflux of ingested blood. Time required to engorge itself with blood and leave host’s gill chamber ranges from 30 to 145 seconds. Some host fish species (Colossoma macropomum) are able to hamper candiru’s attacks by pressing it under the membranous gill-cover flap, or by using its pectoral fin to press it against the flank or to sweep it from the gill-cover edge (Ref. 50921).
进入较大的鱼的鳃腔吸血液; 在砂质底部中掘穴。 已知进入人类的尿道在水中排尿; 它把尿素误认为从鳃被用尽的水可能。 以鱼为基础的房子安全制度的这种的结合已经被建议。 (见参考文献 9506) 当不活跃的时候, 它保持埋藏在柔软，泥底部之中。 活跃的两者都在白天期间而在夜晚然而觅食血液.(参考文献 50921) 使用视觉的与 chemo-知觉的方位发现可能的寄主.(参考文献 50919,50921) 攻占寄主鱼的鳃盖下面在后者的通风的时候进入鳃室。 大部份在腹或者背部的大动脉咬，而且血液被灌入它的消化道藉由寄主的血压。 它不会需要任何的特别吸或者抽泵机制很快地吮足血, 但是只是使用它的针状齿在一个动脉中制造一个切口。 因此，吸血液 candiru 的观念是一项误导观念。 能非常地吮足它本身, 被摄取的血液是看得见的经过肿大的
腹面。 某种瓣膜或括约肌或许出现避免摄取的血液的逆流。 时间必需的吮足血而且离开寄主的鳃室范围从 30 到 145 秒。 一些寄主鱼种 ( Colossoma macropomum) 能是藉由在膜状的鳃盖鳃盖下面压迫它食盒 candiru 的攻击, 或藉由使用它的胸鳍倚靠侧面压它而且扫除它从鳃盖边缘.(参考文献 50921)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域。
de Pínna, M.C.C. and W. Wosiacki, 2003. Trichomycteridae (pencil or parasitic catfishes). p. 270-290. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 39970)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
