分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Trichomycteridae (Pencil or parasitic catfishes)
毛鼻鯰科 (Pencil or parasitic catfishes) > Vandelliinae
Eponymy: Dr Domenico Agostino Vandelli (1735–1816) was an Italian naturalist who maintained a lengthy correspondence with Linnaeus. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的. 熱帶
South America: Amazon River basin.
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 39970)
Enters the gill cavity of larger fish to suck blood; burrows in sandy bottoms. Known to enter the urethra of humans urinating under water; presumably it mistakes the urea for water exhausted from gills. When inactive, it remains buried in soft, muddy bottom. Active both during daytime and at night while foraging for blood (Ref. 50921). Uses visual and chemo-sensory orientation to find potential hosts (Ref. 50919, 50921). Forces itself under the gill cover of host fish to enter gill chamber during ventilation of the latter. Bites mostly at the ventral or dorsal aorta arteries, and the blood is pumped into its gut by the host's blood pressure. It does not need any special sucking or pumping mechanism to quickly engorge itself with blood, but simply uses its needle-like teeth to make an incision in an artery. Thus, the notion of the blood-sucking candiru is a misleading concept. Able to engorge itself enormously, the ingested blood is visible through the swollen belly. Some kind of valve or sphincter is likely present to prevent reflux of ingested blood. Time required to engorge itself with blood and leave host’s gill chamber ranges from 30 to 145 seconds. Some host fish species (Colossoma macropomum) are able to hamper candiru’s attacks by pressing it under the membranous gill-cover flap, or by using its pectoral fin to press it against the flank or to sweep it from the gill-cover edge (Ref. 50921).
進入較大的魚的鰓腔吸血液; 在砂質底部中掘穴。 已知進入人類的尿道在水中排尿; 它把尿素誤認為從鰓被用盡的水可能。 以魚為基礎的房子安全制度的這種的結合已經被建議。 (見參考文獻 9506) 當不活躍的時候, 它保持埋藏在柔軟，泥底部之中。 活躍的兩者都在白天期間而在夜晚然而覓食血液.(參考文獻 50921) 使用視覺的與 chemo-知覺的方位發現可能的寄主.(參考文獻 50919,50921) 攻佔寄主魚的鰓蓋下面在後者的通風的時候進入鰓室。 大部份在腹或者背部的大動脈咬，而且血液被灌入它的消化道藉由寄主的血壓。 它不會需要任何的特別吸或者抽泵機制很快地吮足血, 但是只是使用它的針狀齒在一個動脈中製造一個切口。 因此，吸血液 candiru 的觀念是一項誤導觀念。 能非常地吮足它本身, 被攝取的血液是看得見的經過腫大的
腹面。 某種瓣膜或括約肌或許出現避免攝取的血液的逆流。 時間必需的吮足血而且離開寄主的鰓室範圍從 30 到 145 秒。 一些寄主魚種 ( Colossoma macropomum) 能是藉由在膜狀的鰓蓋鰓蓋下面壓迫它食盒 candiru 的攻擊, 或藉由使用它的胸鰭倚靠側面壓它而且掃除它從鰓蓋邊緣.(參考文獻 50921)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域。
de Pínna, M.C.C. and W. Wosiacki, 2003. Trichomycteridae (pencil or parasitic catfishes). p. 270-290. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 39970)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 December 2020
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣
工具
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
