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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Pterotolithus: Greek, pteron = wing, fin + Greek, ous, otis = ear + Greek, lithos = stone (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau bentopelagis; nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 10 - 100 m (Ref. 121818). Tropical; 24°N - 9°S, 68°E - 133°E
Indo-Pacific: Sri Lanka round the Bay of Bengal to Borneo.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 9772); common length : 40.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 9772)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 30 - 34; Duri dubur: 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 10 - 12.
Occurs in coastal waters and estuaries (Ref. 9772). Also caught with bottom trawls, and handlines (Ref. 9772). Marketed fresh as well as dried salted; swim bladder dried (Ref. 2113).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Chan, W., U. Bathia and D. Carlsson, 1974. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Volume 3. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2113)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.4 - 29.2, mean 28.6 °C (based on 828 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00280 - 0.01185), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 99.4 [51.7, 173.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.705 [0.361, 1.287] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.151 [0.067, 0.296] g/100g; Selenium = 68.7 [32.1, 141.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.6 [10.4, 87.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.37 [0.95, 2.05] mg/100g (wet weight);
