Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; amfidrom; djupintervall 1 - 40 m. Tropical; 22°N - 23°S, 72°E - 149°E (Ref. 57000)
Indo-West Pacific: coasts of India and Sri Lanka eastwards extending to Queensland, Australia and New Guinea and north to Viet Nam (Ref. 3490). Found in the lower Mekong basin (Ref. 36667).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9772); common length : 40.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9772)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 10 - 11; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 27 - 33; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 2; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 7. Snout rounded, but not swollen or projecting; upper jaw length 38-44 % of head length, lower jaw length 44-53 % of head length. First pair of mental pores close together, united by a crescent-shaped groove just behind symphysis. Teeth differentiated into large and small in both jaws. Second anal spine long, stiff, 39-59 % of head length. From 8 to 13 scale rows above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin, 12-17 scale rows below lateral line to origin of anal fin (total 21-29 scale rows). Swim bladder carrot-shaped, with 18-22 pairs of arborescent appendages along its sides, the first pair entering head beyond transverse septum. Sagitta (large earstone) with a tadpole-shaped impression, the tail of which is J-shaped.
Inhabits shallow coastal waters and estuaries (Ref. 9772). Juveniles occur in brackish estuaries and often ascend the lower reaches of large, turbid rivers (Ref. 2847). Found in the basin-wide mainstream of the lower Mekong (Ref. 36667). Encountered in medium to large-sized rivers both in the lower and middle Mekong (Ref. 12975). Feeds on small fishes and invertebrates. Marketed fresh as well as dried salted.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Lal Mohan, R.S., 1984. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3490)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.7 - 29.1, mean 28.4 °C (based on 942 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00462 - 0.01365), b=3.08 (2.94 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
