Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Shaw.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin démersal; profondeur ? - 80 m (Ref. 9773). Tropical
Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Red Sea to French Polynesia, north to Japan. Also reported from Persian Gulf (Ref. 96002).
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm 48.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 250 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 30573)
Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Caught often in demersal trawls, and occasionally by trammel net. Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref. 58048).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Gives birth to litters of up to 7 pups; born at 24-26 cm WD (Ref. 58048).
Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers, 1996. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial
Outils
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 2718 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00391 - 0.00973), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (Fec=1-6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.6 [5.1, 96.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.633 [0.154, 1.772] mg/100g; Protein = 22.5 [19.0, 25.4] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.044, 0.512] g/100g; Selenium = 54.2 [15.2, 177.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.18 [3.08, 26.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.584 [0.276, 1.078] mg/100g (wet weight);
