分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) >
Retropinnidae (New Zealand smelts) > Retropinninae
Etymology: Retropinna: Latin, retro = backwards, on the back side + Latin, pinna = thorn (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Richard Wolfgang Semon (1859–1918) was a German embryologist, evolutionary biologist and physiologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Weber.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 大洋性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 10°C - 25°C (Ref. 2059)
Oceania: Australia's east coast from the Fritzroy River southward to at least the Shoalhaven River; throughout most of the Murray-Darling river system; and in Lake Eyre inland drainage system near Longreach, Thompson River.
大洋洲: 澳洲的東海岸從 Fritzroy 河向南至至少 Shoalhaven 河; 遍及大部分的 Murray-Darling 河流域; 而且在愛麗湖在 Longreach ，湯普生河附近的內陸的流域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 7.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5259); common length : 6.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5259); 最大年龄: 2.00 年 (Ref. 4851)
Lives in streams, backwaters, lakes, swamps and estuaries. Occurs in brackish estuaries and inland salt lakes. Most common in slow-flowing streams and still waters, shoaling near the surface or around the cover of aquatic plants and woody debris. Forms large aggregations in open water (Ref. 44894). Feeds on aquatic insects, microcrustaceans and algae. Spawns throughout the Murray-Darling river system. Breeds between July and March (mostly in spring) (Ref. 44894). Spawning temperature is about 15 °C. Newly hatched larvae measure 4.8 mm TL on the average. Eggs are laid among aquatic vegetation and hatch in about 10 days. Sexual maturity is attained by the end of the first year (Ref. 44894). Eaten fresh or canned.
生活在溪流，洄水区，湖，沼泽与河口。 出现于半咸淡的河口与内陆的盐湖。 常见于缓慢流动的溪流与静止的水域, 群集的接近水表面或水生植物与植物残砾的表面周围。 形成大群的鱼群在开放的水域中。 (参考文献 44894) 吃水生昆虫，小型甲壳类动物与藻类。 在 Murray-Darling 河流域各处产卵。 在七月与三月 (在春天大部份) 之间繁殖。 (参考文献 44894) 产卵温度是大约 15个 ° C. 一般说来最近孵化了仔鱼尺寸 4.8 mm TL 。 卵在水生植物之中生产而且在大约10 天中孵化。 性成熟被達到藉由第一個年的末端。 (參考文獻 44894) 被吃生鮮地或罐裝的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
大洋洲: 澳洲的東海岸從 Fritzroy 河向南至至少 Shoalhaven 河; 遍及大部分的 Murray-Darling 河流域; 而且在愛麗湖在 Longreach ，湯普生河附近的內陸的流域。
Lake, J.S., 1971. Freshwater fishes and rivers of Australia. Thomas Nelson Ltd., Australia. 61 p. (Ref. 4850)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6406 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.29 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.31; tm=1; tmax=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
