Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; không di cư; Mức độ sâu 1 - 100 m (Ref. 48391). Tropical; 31°N - 28°S, 32°E - 144°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Line and Tuamoto islands, North to southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, South to the Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, and the Austral Islands (Ref. 33390). Mention from Hawaii Is., but likely to be aquarium releases (Ref. 58302). Not found in Easter Island, Rapa and the Marquesan Islands (Ref. 48391).
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 25.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 30573); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 14 các năm (Ref. 72479)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 13 - 14; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 17 - 21; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 3; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 18 - 21.
Juveniles are encountered under ledges, or in holes of outer lagoon patch reefs or semi-protected areas of exposed channels and outer reef flats. Subadults move to reef front holes and surge channels. Large adults inhabit ledges and caves in areas of rich coral growth on clear lagoon, channel, or seaward reefs (Ref. 6113). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on sponges and other encrusting organisms (Ref. 6113); also on tunicates. Form pairs. Young and adults may clean much larger fishes such as sunfish (Ref. 48636). Frequently exported through the aquarium trade. Juveniles are distinguished by a white dorsal-fin margin (Ref. 48391).
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: buôn bán nhỏ; Bể nuôi cá: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 1496 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02512 (0.01462 - 0.04317), b=2.87 (2.73 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.05 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 16.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Rất thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là hơn 14 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.1 [16.0, 61.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.475 [0.267, 0.836] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.0941 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 39.9 [18.9, 92.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 68 [14, 303] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [0.9, 2.1] mg/100g (wet weight);
