分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks)
鼠鯊目 (Mackerel sharks) >
Megachasmidae (Megamouth sharks)
大口鮫科 (Megamouth sharks)
Etymology: Megachasma: megas (Gr.), large; chasma (Gr.), yawning hole or open mouth, referring to its unusually large oral cavity (See ETYFish); pelagios: Greek for “of the sea,” referring to its oceanic, epipelagic habitat (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 600 m (Ref. 58302), usually 120 - 166 m (Ref. 48844). 深水域; 40°N - 40°S, 180°W - 180°E
Pacific Ocean: Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Hawaii and California, USA. Atlantic Ocean: Brazil and Senegal.
太平洋: 日本，印尼，菲律賓，夏威夷與美國加州。 大西洋: 巴西與塞內加爾。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 540 - ? cm
Max length : 549 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 85838); 709.0 cm TL (female)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 脊椎骨: 125. Body stout, tapering posteriorly (Ref. 6871), tadpole-like with larger head and tapering trunk and tail (Ref. 47786). Snout extremely short but broadly rounded (Ref 43278, 47786). Head huge, blubbery (Ref. 6871). Mouth very broad and terminal on head, with corner extending behind the eyes (Ref. 6871, 43278). Jaws huge, protrusible anteriorly but not greatly distensible laterally (Ref. 43278, 47786), lower jaw extending to snout tip (Ref. 6871). Teeth very small, numerous, hooked (Ref. 43278, 6871, 47787). Gill slits moderately long, not reaching dorsal surface of head (Ref. 6871; 43278), internal gill slits lined with dense rows of papillose gill rakers (Ref. 43278). Eyes semicircular (Ref. 47786), with no nictitating membrane (Ref. 43278, 6871, 47786). Two dorsal fins, relatively low and angular; small anal fin; long, narrow pectoral fins; moderate-sized pelvic fin; caudal fin asymmetrical, non-lunate, with a short and strong ventral lobe; upper pre-caudal pit only; caudal peduncle without keels or ridges (Ref, 6871, 43278).
身體矮胖的﹐後部尖端細的 (參考文獻 6871) ﹐和像蝌蚪一樣的有較大的頭部與尖端細的軀幹與尾部.(參考文獻 47786) 吻非常短但是寬廣地圓的 (參考文獻 43278,47786). 頭部極大的, 肥厚的.(參考文獻 6871) 嘴非常寬與末端的在頭部上, 藉由延伸到眼後面的角落.(參考文獻 6871,43278) 顎極大的, 能向前伸展的但是不是非常擴大側面地 (參考文獻 43278,47786), 下頜延伸至吻頂端.(參考文獻 6871) 齒非常小的﹐很多的, 鉤住.(參考文獻 43278,6871,47787) 鰓縫中等長度的, 不達到頭部背面 (參考文獻 6871; 43278), 線的內在的鰓縫，有稠密的列乳突狀的鰓耙。 (參考文獻 43278) 眼半圓的 (參考文獻 47786), 沒有瞬膜.(參考文獻 43278,6871,47786) 二個背鰭, 相當低而有角的; 小的臀鰭; 長又狹窄的胸鰭; 中等大小的腹鰭; 尾鰭不對稱的, 非新月狀的, 具有一個短與強的腹葉; 只有的上面前尾窩; 尾梗沒有龍骨脊或脊。 (參考文獻,6871,43278)
Oceanic, possibly occurring in depths between 150 and 1,000 m (Ref. 6871). Epi- and mesopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on planktivorous prey such as euphausiid shrimps, copepods and jellyfish (Ref. 6871). May also eat small midwater fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Possibly less active than the basking and whale sharks (Ref. 6871). Its feeding habits and habitat suggest that it may be a rare catch in the future. Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 50449). Males mature by 400 cm (Ref. 6871). A bright white band on the snout just above the upper jaw may play a role in feeding behavior or with recognition of individuals (Ref. 47761). Preyed on by the semi-parasitic cookiecutter shark, Isistius brasiliensis.
大洋性的, 可能地深度介於 150 與 1,000 公尺之間出現在.(參考文獻 6871) 表層與中層帶.(參考文獻 58302) 吃食浮游生物的獵物例如磷蝦，橈腳類的動物與水母。 (參考文獻 6871) 可能也吃小的中層水域魚。 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 可能比較不活躍超過象鮫與鯨鯊.(參考文獻 6871) 它的食性與棲息地顯示出它未來可能是一個稀有的。 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃產生於母親的卵黃囊與其他的卵.(參考文獻 50449) 雄性成熟 400 公分。 (參考文獻 6871) 在上頜的正上方的在吻部上的一條亮白色的條紋可能扮演攝取食物的行為的一個角色或具有個體的辨認.(參考文獻 47761) 被半-寄生的雪茄鯊， 雪茄鮫〔Isistius brasiliensis〕 捕食.。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Size at birth <177 cm (Ref. 85838).太平洋: 日本，印尼，菲律賓，夏威夷與美國加州。 大西洋: 巴西與塞內加爾。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 November 2018
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.7 - 23, mean 17.8 °C (based on 247 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
