分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen.
More on author: Fowler.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 35 m (Ref. 86942). 熱帶; 42°N - 35°S, 30°E - 140°E (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and Persian Gulf south to perhaps Durban in South Africa, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and probably Burma. Also from southern Japan to China, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia south to Brisbane, Australia, Japan eastward to Hawaii, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Samoa and Tahiti.
印度-太平洋: 紅海與波斯灣也許南至在南非，巴基斯坦，印度，斯里蘭卡的德爾班, 與可能緬甸。 也從日本南部到中國，菲律賓，泰國，印尼南至布理斯班，澳洲，日本向東至夏威夷，索羅門群島，斐濟，美屬薩摩亞與大溪地島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 7 - ? cm
Max length : 13.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 189)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 12 - 15; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 14 - 17. Belly rounded with 3 to 6 sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip blunt, scarcely projecting beyond second supra-maxilla, not reaching to front border of pre-operculum. Isthmus short, preceded by small fleshy plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Anal fin short, its origin behind base of last dorsal fin ray.
腹面圆形的对 6个锐利的针状前腹鳍鳞甲有三个。 颚骨顶端钝的, 几乎不突出超过第二个上颚骨, 不延伸到前鳃盖的前缘。 峡部短, 在鳃盖膜之间的尾舌骨上前面有小的肉质碟了。 臀鳍短, 它的起点在最后背鳍鳍条的基底后面。
Epipelagic (Ref. 58302). A schooling species found inshore and in oceanic waters, hundreds of miles from land. Sometimes entering large atoll lagoons or deep, clear bays. Ranks among the most important food (bait) for tuna and other large pelagic fishes (Ref. 1602). Processed into nuoc-mam, a kind of fish pickle, in Indo-China (Ref. 4929).
一个群游性鱼种发现沿海地区与在大洋性水域中, 距离陆地数百哩。 有时进入大的环礁泻湖或深且清澈的海湾。 对于鲔鱼与其他的大大洋性的鱼列为最重要的食物 (诱饵) 之中。 (参考文献 1602) 加工成 nuoc了-mam ，一种鱼腌汁, 在印度支那.(参考文献 4929)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).印度-太平洋: 紅海與波斯灣也許南至在南非，巴基斯坦，印度，斯里蘭卡的德爾班, 與可能緬甸。 也從日本南部到中國，菲律賓，泰國，印尼南至布理斯班，澳洲，日本向東至夏威夷，索羅門群島，斐濟，美屬薩摩亞與大溪地島。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.2, mean 28.3 °C (based on 928 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00316 - 0.00759), b=3.26 (3.13 - 3.39), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=1.1-2.0).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 124 [38, 413] mg/100g; Iron = 1.16 [0.41, 3.17] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [17, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.323 [0.144, 0.762] g/100g; Selenium = 37.7 [12.9, 120.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 49.4 [9.8, 236.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.70, 3.00] mg/100g (wet weight);
