分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Common names may have to be split accordingly to former synonym japonicus and new species insularis), following distribution (Ref. 123820).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 4 - 300 m (Ref. 11888). 熱帶; 37°N - 34°S, 28°E - 169°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: restricted.
印度-太平洋: 紅海到南非的納塔爾與向東至西太平洋, 北至日本南部, 南至新加勒多尼亞。 來自波斯灣的紀錄顯然地是 多鱗石斑魚〔Epinephelus polylepis〕 的誤鑑。 未證實從科摩洛，阿曼和柬埔寨之間的大陸棚，台灣，菲律賓，印尼與澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 27.0, range 23 - 31 cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 89707); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 7.0 kg (Ref. 4787); 最大年龄: 29 年 (Ref. 42001)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 16 - 18; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Live color whitish, with small dark brown spots on head, body, and fins except ventrally on head, thorax, and lower abdomen. Can assume a transient color phase of 3-4 rows of very large round dark spots on top of the small-spot pattern. 96-125 scales in longitudinal series. Pyloric caeca 26-52 (Ref. 04787); characterized further by having ctenoid body scales, except cycloid scales on nape, thorax, parts of ventral abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.8-3.3 in SL; truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.4 in head length (Ref. 90102); interorbital slightly convex; preopercle angle rounded, 4-7 enlarged serrae at angle below a slight notch; upper edge of operculum straight; posterior nostril not noticeably larger than anterior nostril; maxilla reaches about to vertical at rear edge of eye; scaly maxilla, low step on posterior part of ventral edge; 2-4 rows of teeth in midlateral part of lower jaw, inner ones about twice the size of outer teeth (Ref. 089707).
活体颜色微白色的, 除了头部的腹面、胸部与下腹部以外的头部，身体与鳍上有小的深褐色的斑点。 能在小-斑点图案的顶端上呈现 3 的短暂色相 -4 列的非常大的深色圆斑。 在纵向的系列中的 96-125个鳞片。 幽门盲囊 26-52.
Found over a wide range of habitats like seagrass beds and outer reef slopes (Ref. 5213), also on mud bottoms. Solitary (Ref. 90102). Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (mainly stomatopods and crabs). Sexual transition from female to male occurs between 35-45 cm, but not all females change sex. Mature individuals form spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). E. chlorostigma is closely related and very similar to E. polylepis and E. gabriellae which seem to replace it in the northwestern Indian Ocean. Solitary (Ref. 90102).
发现在宽范围的栖息地上了例如海草床与外礁斜坡;(参考文献 5213) 在南中国海，它也被发现于泥底。 吃小鱼与甲壳动物。 (主要地口足目甲壳类与螃蟹) 性的从母鱼到雄鱼的转变在 35-45 公分之间出现, 但是不是所有的雌性性别。 产卵群集的表格.(参考文献 55367) E. chlorostigma 接近地被讲而且非常类似 E. polylepis 与似乎在在西北部的印度洋取代它的 E. gabriellae 。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Sex change occurs at length of 46.4 cm TL and 3 years of age (Ref. 55367). Also Ref. 6976.印度-太平洋: 紅海到南非的納塔爾與向東至西太平洋, 北至日本南部, 南至新加勒多尼亞。 來自波斯灣的紀錄顯然地是 多鱗石斑魚〔Epinephelus polylepis〕 的誤鑑。 未證實從科摩洛，阿曼和柬埔寨之間的大陸棚，台灣，菲律賓，印尼與澳洲。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.1 - 28.2, mean 25.8 °C (based on 1091 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00646 - 0.01697), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.17-0.19; tmax=29; tm=2-3; Fec = 1,014,818).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.5 [9.1, 41.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.234, 0.879] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.0, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.084, 0.221] g/100g; Selenium = 53.6 [30.9, 95.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 139 [40, 484] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.75, 1.49] mg/100g (wet weight);
