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Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828)

Brownspotted grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Epinephelus chlorostigma   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus chlorostigma (Brownspotted grouper)
Epinephelus chlorostigma
Picture by Field, R.

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Issue
Common names may have to be split accordingly to former synonym japonicus and new species insularis), following distribution (Ref. 123820).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin récifal; non migrateur; profondeur 4 - 300 m (Ref. 11888). Tropical; 37°N - 34°S, 28°E - 169°W (Ref. 5222)

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: restricted.

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: Lm 27.0, range 23 - 31 cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 89707); common length : 50.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5450); poids max. publié: 7.0 kg (Ref. 4787); âge max. reporté: 29 années (Ref. 42001)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total) : 11; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 16 - 18; Épines anales: 3; Rayons mous anaux: 8. Live color whitish, with small dark brown spots on head, body, and fins except ventrally on head, thorax, and lower abdomen. Can assume a transient color phase of 3-4 rows of very large round dark spots on top of the small-spot pattern. 96-125 scales in longitudinal series. Pyloric caeca 26-52 (Ref. 04787); characterized further by having ctenoid body scales, except cycloid scales on nape, thorax, parts of ventral abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.8-3.3 in SL; truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.4 in head length (Ref. 90102); interorbital slightly convex; preopercle angle rounded, 4-7 enlarged serrae at angle below a slight notch; upper edge of operculum straight; posterior nostril not noticeably larger than anterior nostril; maxilla reaches about to vertical at rear edge of eye; scaly maxilla, low step on posterior part of ventral edge; 2-4 rows of teeth in midlateral part of lower jaw, inner ones about twice the size of outer teeth (Ref. 089707).

Biologie     Glossaire (ex. epibenthic)

Found over a wide range of habitats like seagrass beds and outer reef slopes (Ref. 5213), also on mud bottoms. Solitary (Ref. 90102). Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (mainly stomatopods and crabs). Sexual transition from female to male occurs between 35-45 cm, but not all females change sex. Mature individuals form spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). E. chlorostigma is closely related and very similar to E. polylepis and E. gabriellae which seem to replace it in the northwestern Indian Ocean. Solitary (Ref. 90102).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves

Sex change occurs at length of 46.4 cm TL and 3 years of age (Ref. 55367). Also Ref. 6976.

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  Préoccupation mineure (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 July 2023

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

  Harmless





Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial
FAO - pêcheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Plus d'informations

Trophic ecology
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Composition du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Food rations
Prédateurs
Ecology
Écologie
Population dynamics
Paramètres de croissance
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversion
Recrutement
Abondance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturité
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fécondité
Frai
Spawning aggregations
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Distribution
Pays
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Écosystèmes
Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Surface branchiale
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Physiology
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Type de nage
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Visual pigments
Fish sound
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Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
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Heterozygosity
Héritabilité
Human related
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Profils d'aquaculture
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Stamps, coins, misc.
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References
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Sources Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genre, Espèce | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - pêcheries: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: génôme, nucléotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de données nationales | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Arbre de Vie | Wikipedia: aller à, chercher | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.1 - 28.2, mean 25.8 °C (based on 1091 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00646 - 0.01697), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref. 120179):  Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.17-0.19; tmax=29; tm=2-3; Fec = 1,014,818).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 19.5 [9.1, 41.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.234, 0.879] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.0, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.084, 0.221] g/100g; Selenium = 53.6 [30.9, 95.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 139 [40, 484] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.75, 1.49] mg/100g (wet weight);