Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis. Subtropical
Western Indian Ocean: Transkei, South Africa to Madagascar but reported as far south as Still Bay (west of Mossel Bay), South Africa.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5213); common length : 20.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 6082); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.7 kg (Ref. 4370)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 21 - 23; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 13 - 14.
Found in coastal waters and rivers. Feeds on mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Flesh of excellent quality (Ref. 6082).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
van der Elst, R., 1981. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Budidaya air: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19 - 26.3, mean 24.9 °C (based on 30 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.00689 - 0.04188), b=3.02 (2.80 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).