Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 51°N - 29°N, 97°E - 90°W (Ref. 54555)
North Pacific: Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea along the western coast of America to Pt. Reyes, central California, USA.
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 34.3, range 28 - ? cm
Max length : 52.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 56370); peso massimo pubblicato: 1.6 kg (Ref. 56370); Età massima riportata: 27 anni (Ref. 55701)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 75 - 85; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 55 - 68; Vertebre: 42 - 46. Dorsal origin over anterior part of upper eye. Caudal with small elongation in center. Pectorals rather large with rounded tips.
Found on soft bottom (Ref. 2850). Adults usually below 180 m (Ref. 2850). Feed on clams, worms and crustaceans (Ref. 6885). Taken by shrimp and otter trawls (Ref. 6885).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
Strumenti
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.7 - 11.3, mean 7.6 °C (based on 24 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00459 - 0.01092), b=3.11 (2.98 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (tm=1-3; Fec=72,000; tmax=27).
Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.73, Based on 4 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.7 [10.3, 44.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.231 [0.118, 0.434] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [15.5, 18.2] %; Omega3 = 0.368 [0.178, 0.781] g/100g; Selenium = 22.7 [11.1, 47.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.3 [2.6, 48.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.447 [0.297, 0.666] mg/100g (wet weight);
