分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 深度上下限 9 - 1210 m (Ref. 9872), usually 200 - 500 m (Ref. 3583). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 35°S
Eastern Atlantic: Madeira and the Canary Islands to Senegal, Gulf of Guinea and South Africa. Western Atlantic: southern Scotian Shelf, Canada to Greater Antilles, western Caribbean, Panama and northern Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 7334). Indo-Pacific: off Natal (South Africa), Bay of Bengal, southern Australia, Chatham Plateau around New Zealand, and the Philippines (Ref. 4181). Also in northern South America (Moore, pers. comm.).
東大西洋: 馬得拉群島與加納利群島到塞內加爾，幾內亞灣與南非。 西大西洋: 加拿大Scotian 大陸棚南部到大安地列斯群島，加勒比海西部，巴拿馬與墨西哥灣北部.(參考文獻 7334) 印度-太平洋: 納塔爾外海 (南非) ，孟加拉灣，澳洲南部, Chatham 紐西蘭的周圍達到穩定水準, 與菲律賓.(參考文獻 4181) 也在南美洲北部 (摩爾， pers. comm.)。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3695); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3695)
背棘 (總數) : 7 - 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 12. Head with a concave forehead profile and with large mucous cavities covered by tough skin; mouth large and oblique; opercle and preopercle each with a large strong spine; body deep, about 2.1 times in SL; ventral keel with 10 - 14 very robust scutes; caudal fin forked but rounded. Color of head and body is dusky pink, sides with silvery tinge, fins red; tongue and gill cavity blackish; palate white to red (Ref. 7331). Pale beet red to light rosy. Back light red to brownish red, lower sides light silvery gray (Ref. 37108).
頭部有一個凹的前額輪廓而且有大的被硬皮蓋著的黏液孔; 嘴大的且斜; 鰓蓋與前鰓蓋骨每個具有一個大的硬棘; 身體縱深, 大約標準體長比率 2.1; 腹面龍骨脊有 10- 14個非常結實的鱗甲; 尾鰭分岔了但是圓的。 頭部與身體的顏色是暗粉紅色,側邊有銀色的淡色，鰭紅色; 舌與鰓腔黑色的; 上顎白色到紅色.(參考文獻 7331) 灰白的甜菜紅色到淡的玫瑰紅色的。 背面淡紅色到紅褐色的, 下側淡的銀灰色的.(參考文獻 37108)
Lives close to or on the bottom of the upper continental slope. Prefers hard substrates. Young specimens feed on small shrimps and fish (Ref. 4784). A deep sea species, nonetheless, the young are often found near the coast (Ref. 9137). Utilized as fishmeal and source of oil in eastern central Atlantic (Ref. 3695).
生活於接近大陸坡上層的底部。 偏愛堅硬的底部。 幼魚吃小的蝦與魚。 (參考文獻 4784) 一個深的海洋種, 然而，幼魚時常在海岸的附近被發現.(參考文獻 9137) 在中大西洋東部中用來作魚粉與油的來源了。 (參考文獻 3695)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 馬得拉群島與加納利群島到塞內加爾，幾內亞灣與南非。 西大西洋: 加拿大Scotian 大陸棚南部到大安地列斯群島，加勒比海西部，巴拿馬與墨西哥灣北部.(參考文獻 7334) 印度-太平洋: 納塔爾外海 (南非) ，孟加拉灣，澳洲南部, Chatham 紐西蘭的周圍達到穩定水準, 與菲律賓.(參考文獻 4181) 也在南美洲北部 (摩爾， pers. comm.)。
Maul, G.E., 1990. Trachichthyidae. p. 620-622. In J.C. Quéro, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3583)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 May 2013
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.1 - 18.7, mean 12.2 °C (based on 848 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.00885 - 0.02590), b=3.07 (2.91 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.4 [10.0, 119.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.646 [0.308, 1.494] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [15.5, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.319 [0.117, 0.902] g/100g; Selenium = 54.7 [19.5, 151.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.7 [4.9, 138.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.632 [0.395, 1.045] mg/100g (wet weight);
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