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Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Gasterosteoidei (Sticklebacks) > Hypoptychidae (Sand eel)
Etymology: Hypoptychus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, ptyx, -ichos = fold (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Benedykt (Benoit) Tadeusz Dybowski (1833–1930) was a Polish biologist who was born in what is now Belarus. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Steindachner.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; benthopelagic. Temperate; 67°N - 32°N

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

North Pacific: Sakhalin, Russia to northern Japan.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56557); max. reported age: 1.00 years (Ref. 26245)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 22 January 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

FAO - Fisheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators

Ecology
Ecology

Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
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Abundance

Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
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Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution
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Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith

Physiology
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Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
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Visual pigments
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Toxicity (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetics
Heterozygosity
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 0.8 - 16.3, mean 7.6 °C (based on 74 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.2500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00115 - 0.00790), b=3.12 (2.89 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=3.6-4.0; tmax=1).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 181 [85, 764] mg/100g; Iron = 1.26 [0.50, 2.99] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [14.6, 18.2] %; Omega3 = 0.475 [0.118, 1.988] g/100g; Selenium = 40.7 [9.3, 176.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.93 [0.96, 61.81] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.87 [0.90, 3.37] mg/100g (wet weight);

Hypoptychus dybowskii Steindachner, 1880