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Lithognathus lithognathus (Cuvier, 1829)

White steenbras
مشاهدات خود را اضافه کنيد در Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Lithognathus lithognathus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Lithognathus lithognathus (White steenbras)
Lithognathus lithognathus
Picture by FAO

رده بندی / Names اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range بوم شناسي

دريايي; لب شور موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; هردو رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق ? - 150 m (Ref. 27121). Subtropical; 22°S - 31°S

پراكنش كشورها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | Ecosystems | ظهور | Point map | معرفي | Faunafri

Southeast Atlantic: known only from the Orange River mouth to Natal, South Africa.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن

Maturity: Lm 54.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3198); common length : 65.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3507)

توصيف مختصر كليدهاي شناسايي | ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري

خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 11; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 10; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8. Silvery in color, crossbars fade with age.

زيست شناسي     واژه نامه (بعنوان مثال epibenthic)

Found over sandy substrate, in estuaries and oceanic waters. Enters lagoons (Ref. 3198). Feeds bottom invertebrates, including worms, crabs and shrimp (Ref. 27121). Spawns in the sea but uses estuaries as nursery grounds. Prime angling fish. Important food fish. Sold fresh and whole in markets.

Life cycle and mating behavior بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)

مآخذ اصلی Upload your references | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران

Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)

وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  در معرض خطر (EN) (A2bcd; B2ab(ii,v)); Date assessed: 04 December 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر برای انسان ها

  Harmless





استفاده انسانی

ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

اطلاعات بيشتر

Trophic ecology
اقلام غذايي
تركيب غذايي
مصرف غذايي
Food rations
شکارچیان
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
نوسانات طولی
Mass conversion
بازسازی
فراواني
Life cycle
تولید مثل
بلوغ
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
تخم ریزی
Spawning aggregations
تخم ها
نمو تخم
توزاد ( لارو)
پويايي لاروي
Anatomy
منطقه آبششي
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
ژنتيك
Heterozygosity
وارث
Human related
Aquaculture systems
نمايه هاي آبزي پروري
نژادها
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
همكاران
References
مراجع

ابزارها

گزارش های ويژه

بارگيری XML

منابع اينترنتي

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | فيش واچر را ببينيد | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: جنس, گونه ها | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: ژنوم, نوکلئوتيد | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | آکواریوم عمومی | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: برو, جستجو | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 12.5 - 24.1, mean 15.7 °C (based on 28 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00939 - 0.02556), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.1   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
جهندگی (Ref. 120179):  پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (K=0.1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 24.8 [12.9, 45.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.664 [0.364, 1.136] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.9, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.302 [0.191, 0.497] g/100g; Selenium = 45.7 [21.7, 85.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.95 [2.03, 19.38] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.722 [0.505, 1.031] mg/100g (wet weight);