Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bentopelagisk; djupintervall 60 - 180 m (Ref. 5530). Tropical; 31°N - 34°S
East Pacific: Costa Rica, Colombia to extreme south of Chile. Records from Juan Fernández Is. are incidental (Ref. 89357). Records from Baja California, Mexico, Nicaragua and the Galapagos Islands are doubtful.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 26.9  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 54.5 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 53696); publicerad maxvikt: 2.5 kg (Ref. 53696)
Occurs in schools (Ref. 5530). Known from a temperature range of 14-16 °C (Ref. 9098). Also caught with trammel nets (Ref. 9342). An appreciated food fish in Peru (Ref. 9342).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Also Ref. 103751.
Heemstra, P.C., 1995. Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.5 - 17.1, mean 15 °C (based on 41 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00557 - 0.01970), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 73.7 [31.6, 146.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.827 [0.437, 1.547] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [15.4, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.147, 0.451] g/100g; Selenium = 71.9 [38.6, 155.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 46.2 [16.4, 151.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.915 [0.631, 1.330] mg/100g (wet weight);